Positioning the brainstem within the neural network of threat prediction

Article Neurosciences

Dorsal Raphe 5-HT Neurons Utilize, But Do Not Generate, Negative Aversive Prediction Errors

Rachel A. Walker et al.

Summary: The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) plays an important role in reducing fear by using negative prediction error (-PE) to weaken cue-shock associations. Deleting or inhibiting specific cells in the DRN can affect the selective extinction of fear, without impacting initial discrimination.

ENEURO (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

The central nucleus of the amygdala and the construction of defensive modes across the threat-imminence continuum

Justin M. Moscarello et al.

Summary: The article proposes that mutually inhibitory circuits within the central nucleus of the amygdala implement a 'winner-takes-all' mechanism that guides transitions across defensive modes defined by threat-imminence theory.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Biology

Sparse genetically defined neurons refine the canonical role of periaqueductal gray columnar organization

Mimi Q. La-Vu et al.

Summary: This study reveals the role of specific cells in the midbrain periaqueductal gray in regulating defensive behaviors. Activation or inhibition of certain cells can induce either flight or freezing responses, respectively. The activity of these cells is associated with the distance and location of the threat.

ELIFE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Brainstem networks construct threat probability and prediction error from neuronal building blocks

Jasmin A. Strickland et al.

Summary: When faced with potential threat, the brain estimates its probability, responds accordingly, and updates future estimates based on experience. This study used Neuropixels probes to record single-unit activity in different brainstem regions of rats and found that a dorsal hub in the brainstem network signaled threat probability. During the outcome period, neuronal function remapping occurred, leading to brainstem networks that signaled prediction error and shock on multiple timescales.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Neural substrates of appetitive and aversive prediction error

Mihaela D. Iordanova et al.

Summary: Prediction error plays a key role in associative learning, regulating associative relationships and directing attention to stimuli for learning. Recent research has delved into the neural substrates of prediction error, focusing on both appetitive and aversive contexts.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Neurosciences