Study of Forbush Decrease Recovery Times by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-Nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) Experiment

A Forbush decrease (FD) is a sudden drop of cosmic-ray intensity arising as an effect of coronal mass ejection (CME) propagation in interplanetary space. The different physical properties of each CME cause variability in the FDs observed by scientific instruments. A comprehensive study of both phenomena is required to properly understand the processes involved in FDs. Most of the current studies in this field use experimental data obtained by ground-based apparatus that measure the flux of cosmic rays via their interaction with Earth's atmosphere. Direct measurements in space of FDs are rather rare. In this work, we present the results obtained by the spacecraft-borne experiment Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA). The experiment took data from 15 June 2006 until January 2016. A series of FDs during the period 2006 - 2013 were studied. Only significant events with amplitude >= 10% for the proton flux R = 1.1 - 2.9 GV were taken into account. The dependencies of the recovery times on the particle rigidity were obtained for FD events generated by halo-type CMEs.

Automated summary

A Forbush decrease (FD) is a sudden drop in cosmic-ray intensity caused by the propagation of coronal mass ejection (CME) in interplanetary space. The variability in observed FDs is due to different physical properties of each CME. Studying both phenomena is necessary for understanding the processes involved in FDs. Most current studies rely on ground-based experimental data, while direct measurements in space are rare. This study used data from the spacecraft-borne experiment PAMELA to analyze FDs during the period 2006 - 2013, specifically focusing on significant events with amplitude >= 10% for the proton flux R = 1.1 - 2.9 GV. The recovery times of FD events generated by halo-type CMEs were determined based on particle rigidity.