Mycosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibits Fungal Species Dependent Morphological Preference

Filamentous fungi can synthesize a variety of nanoparticles (NPs), a process referred to as mycosynthesis that requires little energy input, do not require the use of harsh chemicals, occurs at near neutral pH, and do not produce toxic byproducts. While NP synthesis involves reactions between metal ions and exudates produced by the fungi, the chemical and biochemical parameters underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here, the role of fungal species and precursor salt on the mycosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs is investigated. This data demonstrates that all five fungal species tested are able to produce ZnO structures that can be morphologically classified into i) well-defined NPs, ii) coalesced/dissolving NPs, and iii) micron-sized square plates. Further, species-dependent preferences for these morphologies are observed, suggesting potential differences in the profile or concentration of the biochemical constituents in their individual exudates. This data also demonstrates that mycosynthesis of ZnO NPs is independent of the anion species, with nitrate, sulfate, and chloride showing no effect on NP production. These results enhance the understanding of factors controlling the mycosynthesis of ceramic NPs, supporting future studies that can enable control over the physical and chemical properties of NPs formed through this green synthesis method.

Automated summary

This study investigates the impact of fungal species and precursor salt on the mycosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The results show that all five tested fungal species are capable of producing ZnO structures that exhibit different morphologies, including well-defined nanoparticles, coalesced/dissolving nanoparticles, and micron-sized square plates. It is also found that the preference for these morphologies varies among species, possibly due to differences in the biochemical constituents of their individual exudates. Additionally, the anion species, such as nitrate, sulfate, and chloride, has no effect on the mycosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that control the mycosynthesis of ceramic nanoparticles and support future research for controlling their physical and chemical properties through green synthesis methods.