4.4 Review

Synovial fibroblasts in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A scoping review

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Review Rheumatology

Synovial fibroblasts in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A scoping review

Soren Lomholt et al.

Summary: This scoping review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on synovial fibroblasts and their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The review identified several mechanisms and characteristics of synovial fibroblasts that may contribute to disease traits in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. However, the limited number of studies highlights the need for further research in this area.

SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM (2023)

Article Immunology

Fate mapping and scRNA sequencing reveal origin and diversity of lymph node stromal precursors

Elisa Lenti et al.

Summary: This study identifies the origin and composition of lymph node stromal and endothelial cells through lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptome analysis. The results show that stromal and endothelial cells originate from different cell populations in the embryo. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals different subsets of stromal cells and suggests the presence of proliferating progenitors in embryonic lymph nodes.

IMMUNITY (2022)

Review Rheumatology

Synovial fibroblasts as potential drug targets in rheumatoid arthritis, where do we stand and where shall we go?

Tamas Nemeth et al.

Summary: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are crucial cellular components in the synovial membrane of joints, contributing to normal joint function. However, under inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), FLS can become overactive and promote inflammation. Therefore, understanding the role of FLS in RA is essential for disease treatment.

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Article Immunology

Th17 lymphocyte-dependent degradation of joint cartilage by synovial fibroblasts in a humanized mouse model of arthritis and reversal by secukinumab

Francesca Margheri et al.

Summary: The study shows that in synovial fluid from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, T-helper lymphocyte subpopulations like Th17 and nonclassic Th1 induce cartilage degradation by activating specific enzymes in synovial fibroblasts. By inhibiting the actions of Th17 with a drug like Secukinumab, cartilage damage can be reduced.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Rheumatology

Axial spondyloarthritis

Victoria Navarro-Compan et al.

Summary: Axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the axial skeleton, leading to symptoms such as chronic back pain and spinal stiffness. Diagnosis relies on recognizing clinical patterns and utilizing clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. Treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as first-line therapy, with biologics as a second-line option, showing efficacy in improving disease symptoms.

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GM-CSF Expression and Macrophage Polarization in Joints of Undifferentiated Arthritis Patients Evolving to Rheumatoid Arthritis or Psoriatic Arthritis

Sara Fuentelsaz-Romero et al.

Summary: GM-CSF plays a key role in macrophage polarization in different types of arthritis, with CD163(+) macrophages expressing pro-inflammatory markers in all groups. Macrophage density is higher in the early stages of RA and PsA compared to persistent UA.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Phenotypic and functional characterization of synovial fluid-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis

Ditte Koster et al.

Summary: The study revealed that sfRA-FLS closely resemble the pathological sublining layer FLS subset in terms of surface protein expression, cytokine production and leukocyte cross-talk potential. Furthermore, sfRA-FLS are comparable to tissue-derived FLS in their capabilities to invade cartilage at implantation sites but also spread tissue destruction to a distant site. Collectively, sfRA-FLS can serve as an easy-to-obtain source of pathological sublining FLS in RA.

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Article Immunology

The complement system drives local inflammatory tissue priming by metabolic reprogramming of synovial fibroblasts

Jasna Friscic et al.

Summary: Inflammation-mediated tissue priming causes recurrence and worsening of arthritis, involving molecular and cellular mechanisms. This priming occurs locally and independently of adaptive immunity, and can be enhanced by activating complement C3 and C3a receptor, along with other molecular pathways, to boost cellular metabolic activity and increase inflammation sensitivity.

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Review Rheumatology

Biological classification of childhood arthritis: roadmap to a molecular nomenclature

Peter A. Nigrovic et al.

Summary: Childhood-onset arthritis is heterogeneous and may share similarities with adult-onset arthritis while also having unique features. The current classification approach has limitations, requiring a new strategy to define biological categories within JIA.

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The culture microenvironment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis synovial fibroblasts is favorable for endochondral bone formation through BMP4 and repressed by chondrocytes

Megan M. Simonds et al.

Summary: The study found that JFLS exhibit chondrocyte-like characteristics in conditioned media from chondrocytes, but the addition of exogenous BMP4 can restore this phenotype, suggesting that JFLS create a microenvironment favorable for endochondral bone formation.

PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: lymphocyte activation gene-3 is a central immune receptor in children with oligoarticular subtypes

Erdal Sag et al.

Summary: In patients with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (o-JIA), levels and expression of LAG-3 and TIM-3 were increased, especially in synovial fluid. An ex vivo model demonstrated that LAG-3 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of o-JIA and could be a potential therapeutic target.

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Spontaneously Resolving Joint Inflammation Is Characterised by Metabolic Agility of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes

Jane Falconer et al.

Summary: The study aims to identify metabolic changes occurring early in inflammatory disease pathogenesis to support sustained cellular activation. Findings show differences in FLS metabolism persisting after ex vivo culture, indicating disease-associated metabolic changes are long-lasting, termed as 'metabolic memory'. This study suggests the potential to modulate mitochondrial function at sites of inflammation to restore cell metabotypes, with implications for treatment of RA and related inflammatory conditions where fibroblasts play a role.

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Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews

Micah D. J. Peters et al.

Summary: This paper describes the updated methodological guidance for conducting a JBI scoping review and the development of the PRISMA-ScR. The updated guidance includes additional information on methodological issues and aligns with the PRISMA-ScR for consistent reporting. Ongoing methodological projects are planned to further refine the methodology.

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Notch signalling drives synovial fibroblast identity and arthritis pathology

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RNA Identification of PRIME Cells Predicting Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares

Dana E. Orange et al.

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Distinct fibroblast subsets drive inflammation and damage in arthritis

Adam P. Croft et al.

NATURE (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunofibroblasts are pivotal drivers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation and local pathology

Saba Nayar et al.

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

Andrea C. Tricco et al.

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Synovial cell production of IL-26 induces bone mineralization in spondyloarthritis

Line Dam Heftdal et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM (2017)

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Psoriatic Arthritis

Christopher T. Ritchlin et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Rheumatoid arthritis

Josef S. Smolen et al.

LANCET (2016)

Article Immunology

Cellular Interactions of Synovial Fluid γδ T Cells in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Anna Bendersky et al.

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Berent Prakken et al.

LANCET (2011)

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Cell-cell Interactions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovium

David A. Fox et al.

RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2010)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synovial fibroblasts spread rheumatoid arthritis to unaffected joints

Stephanie Lefevre et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2009)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Profile of exoglycosidases in synovial cell cultures derived from human synovial membrane

Janusz Popko et al.

CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS (2008)