Targeting de novo lipid synthesis induces lipotoxicity and impairs DNA damage repair in glioblastoma mouse models

Deregulated de novo lipid synthesis (DNLS) is a potential druggable vulnerability in glioblastoma (GBM), a highly lethal and incurable cancer. Yet the molecular mechanisms that determine susceptibility to DNLS-target-ed therapies remain unknown, and the lack of brain-penetrant inhibitors of DNLS has prevented their clinical evaluation as GBM therapeutics. Here, we report that YTX-7739, a clinical-stage inhibitor of stearoyl CoA desa-turase (SCD), triggers lipotoxicity in patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and inhibits fatty acid desatura-tion in GSCs orthotopically implanted in mice. When administered as a single agent, or in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), YTX-7739 showed therapeutic efficacy in orthotopic GSC mouse models owing to its lip-otoxicity and ability to impair DNA damage repair. Leveraging genetic, pharmacological, and physiological ma-nipulation of key signaling nodes in gliomagenesis complemented with shotgun lipidomics, we show that aberrant MEK/ERK signaling and its repression of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pri-marily drive therapeutic vulnerability to SCD and other DNLS inhibitors. Conversely, AMPK activation mitigates lipotoxicity and renders GSCs resistant to the loss of DNLS, both in culture and in vivo, by decreasing the sat-uration state of phospholipids and diverting toxic lipids into lipid droplets. Together, our findings reveal mech-anisms of metabolic plasticity in GSCs and provide a framework for the rational integration of DNLS-targeted GBM therapies.

Automated summary

Deregulated de novo lipid synthesis (DNLS) is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma (GBM), but the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to DNLS-targeted therapies are unknown and brain-penetrant inhibitors of DNLS are lacking.