Interaction between selenium and essential micronutrient elements in plants: A systematic review

Nutrient imbalance (i.e., deficiency and toxicity) of microelements is an outstanding environmental issue that influ-ences each aspect of ecosystems. Although the crucial roles of microelements in entire lifecycle of plants have been widely acknowledged, the effective control of microelements is still neglected due to the narrow safe margins. Sele-nium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals. Although it is not believed to be indispensable for plants, many literatures have reported the significance of Se in terms of the uptake, accumulation, and detoxification of essen-tial microelements in plants. However, most papers only concerned on the antagonistic effect of Se on metal elements in plants and ignored the underlying mechanisms. There is still a lack of systematic review articles to summarize the comprehensive knowledge on the connections between Se and microelements in plants. In this review, we conclude the bidirectional effects of Se on micronutrients in plants, including iron, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, molybde-num, sodium, chlorine, and boron. The regulatory mechanisms of Se on these micronutrients are also analyzed. More-over, we further emphasize the role of Se in alleviating element toxicity and adjusting the concentration of micronutrients in plants by altering the soil conditions (e.g., adsorption, pH, and organic matter), promoting microbial activity, participating in vital physiological and metabolic processes, generating element competition, stimulating metal chelation, organelle compartmentalization, and sequestration, improving the antioxidant defense system, and controlling related genes involved in transportation and tolerance. Based on the current understanding of the interac-tion between Se and these essential elements, future directions for research are suggested.

Automated summary

Nutrient imbalance is a significant environmental issue that affects all aspects of ecosystems. Selenium, although not considered essential for plants, plays a crucial role in the uptake, accumulation, and detoxification of essential microelements. However, there is a lack of systematic review articles on the connections between selenium and microelements in plants.