4.7 Article

Calibration of the Chemcatcher? passive sampler and derivation of generic sampling rates for a broad application in monitoring of surface waters

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 871, 期 -, 页码 -

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ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161936

关键词

Passive sampling; Water monitoring; Polar organic compounds; Sampling rates; Chemcatcher

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In this study, sampling rates for various compounds were determined using the Chemcatcher passive sampler. Generic sampling rates were derived and found to be suitable for estimating time-weighted average concentrations with reasonable uncertainty. This allows for broader application of the Chemcatcher sampler without the need for specific compound-specific sampling rates.
We determined sampling rates for 34 pesticides, five pesticide transformation products, and 34 pharmaceutical compounds with the Chemcatcher (CC) passive sampler in a laboratory-based continuous-flow system at 40 cm/s and ambient temperature. Three different sampling phases were used: styrene divinylbenzene disks (SDB-XC), styrene divinylbenzene reversed phase sulfonate disks (SDB-RPS), and hydrophilic lipophilic balance disks (HLB), in all cases covered with a diffusion-limiting polyethersulfone membrane. The measured sampling rates range from 0.007 L/d to 0.193 L/d for CC with SDB-XC (CC-XC), from 0.055 L/d to 0.796 L/d for CC with SDB-RPS (CC-RPS), and from 0.018 L/d to 0.073 L/d for CC equipped with HLB (CC-HLB). Comparison with sampling rates from literature enabled to derive generic sampling rates that can be used for compounds with unknown uptake kinetics such as transforma-tions products and new compounds of interest. Field trial results demonstrate that the presently derived generic sam-pling rates are suitable for estimating time-weighted average concentrations within reasonable uncertainty limits. In this way, Chemcatcher passive sampling can be applied approximately to a broad range of solutes without the need for deriving compound-specific sampling rates, which enable compliance checks against environmental quality standards and further risk assessment.

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