期刊
SCIENCE
卷 378, 期 6623, 页码 962-+出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0869
关键词
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资金
- Swedish Research Council [2019-05191, 2017-04980, 2016-00796, 2017-03862]
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [FFL15-0196]
- Kew Foundation
- Wallenberg Data Driven Life Science Program [KAW 2020.0239]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [PD/BD/128493/2017]
- Future Leader Fellowship from RBG Kew
- H2020 MSCA-ITN-ETN Plant
- European Union [765000, 838998]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [P400PB_186733, P4P4PB_199187, PCEFP3_187012]
- Portuguese National Funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology, FCT [2020.00823.CEECIND, PTDC/BIA-EVL/31254/2017]
- SciLifeLab
- Vinnova [2019-02717]
- National Science Foundation [DEB-1655076]
- MEMOVA project
- EU Operational Programme Research, Development and Education [CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016982]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil [2021/07161-6, 2022/09428-2]
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L002485/1]
- Swiss National Science Foundation Early Postdoc Mobility [P2LAP2_187745]
- beca de doctorado del Instituto de Ecologia y Biodiversidad, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Biologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Catolica del Norte
- Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- NID National Scholarship [21181931]
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity [ANID FB210006]
- NRF/SASSCAL [118589]
- NRF/African Origins Platform [117666]
- GBIF: Biodiversity Information for Development grant
- Techne Arts and Humanities Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership
- Darwin Initiative [22-005, EIDPO049]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brasil (CAPES) [PDSE 88881.132750/2016-01]
- German Research Foundation [DFG-FZT 118, 202548816]
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/R001081/1]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [P4P4PB_199187, P2LAP2_187745, P400PB_186733] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [838998] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
Madagascar has a rich biota with high levels of endemicity, but the diversity and evolution of many groups remain unknown. Humid forests are centers of diversity and endemism, while other areas also have biologically important endemism with potential for new traits useful for food, medicine, and climate mitigation.
Madagascar's biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We review the current state of knowledge on Madagascar's past and current terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by compiling and presenting comprehensive data on species diversity, endemism, and rates of species description and human uses, in addition to presenting an updated and simplified map of vegetation types. We report a substantial increase of records and species new to science in recent years; however, the diversity and evolution of many groups remain practically unknown (e.g., fungi and most invertebrates). Digitization efforts are increasing the resolution of species richness patterns and we highlight the crucial role of field- and collections-based research for advancing biodiversity knowledge and identifying gaps in our understanding, particularly as species richness corresponds closely to collection effort. Phylogenetic diversity patterns mirror that of species richness and endemism in most of the analyzed groups. We highlight humid forests as centers of diversity and endemism because of their role as refugia and centers of recent and rapid radiations. However, the distinct endemism of other areas, such as the grassland-woodland mosaic of the Central Highlands and the spiny forest of the southwest, is also biologically important despite lower species richness. The documented uses of Malagasy biodiversity are manifold, with much potential for the uncovering of new useful traits for food, medicine, and climate mitigation. The data presented here showcase Madagascar as a unique living laboratory for our understanding of evolution and the complex interactions between people and nature. The gathering and analysis of biodiversity data must continue and accelerate if we are to fully understand and safeguard this unique subset of Earth's biodiversity.
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