期刊
RENEWABLE ENERGY
卷 205, 期 -, 页码 717-730出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.114
关键词
Biodiesel; Seaweed; Freshwater algae; Macroalgae; Ulva lactuca; Azolla filiculoides
The study compared the productivity and characteristics of lipids and biodiesels between marine ulva lactuca seaweed and freshwater azolla filiculoides macroalgae. The results showed that 7.6 +/- 0.10% and 12.52 +/- 0.23% of lipids were extracted from ulva lactuca and azolla filiculoides, respectively. The study also analyzed the kinetics and thermodynamics of oil extraction and conducted base-catalyzed transesterification to synthesize biodiesel fuel.
The current study compared between marine ulva lactuca seaweed and freshwater azolla filiculoides macroalgae to evaluate the productivity and characteristics of lipids and biodiesels. Using Soxhlet apparatus, 7.6 +/- 0.10% and 12.52 +/- 0.23% of lipids were extracted from ulva lactuca and azolla filiculoides, respectively. Besides, a second -order kinetic model and Eyring equations were used to conduct the study of kinetics and thermodynamics of oil extraction from both species. The activation energies were estimated to be 53.93 kJ/mol & 85.79 kJ/mol for ulva lactuca and azolla filiculoides, respectively. Analyses of thermodynamic properties of the Soxhlet extraction for both species revealed that the extraction was exothermal and temperature-dependent process. However, they are different in the Gibbs free energy of activation (Delta G) analysis where it revealed spontaneous extraction process for ulva lactuca and unspontaneous process for azolla filiculoides. The extracted oils from both species were subjected to optimized base-catalyzed transesterification in order to synthesize biodiesel fuel. Four independent varying variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) which were oil to methanol molar ratio (1:3-1:12), NaOH catalyst ratio (1-2% w/w), temperature (55-70 degrees C), and time (1-2.5 h). The maximum bio-diesel yield was from ulva lactuca lipids 88.77% obtained at 1:12, 1.5%, 63 degrees C, and 1.7 h. In contrast, 82.85% of biodiesel was yielded from azolla filiculoides lipids at optimal values 1:10, 1%, 60 degrees C, and 2 h for oil to methanol molar ratio, catalyst ratio, temperature, and time, respectively, for both species. Characteristics of both biodiesels revealed almost close compliance with ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. Apart from comparisons, it can be concluded that marine ulva lactuca seaweeds and freshwater azolla filiculoides macroalgae are obtainable, affordable, and potential feedstock toward sustainable biodiesel production.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据