4.8 Article

Human disturbance compresses the spatiotemporal niche

出版社

NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206339119

关键词

Anthropocene; camera traps; competition; predation; species interactions

资金

  1. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
  2. Global Impact Award from Google
  3. NASA Ecological Forecasting [NNX14AC36G]
  4. WDNR
  5. UW College of Agriculture and Life Sciences as USFWS Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project
  6. Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at UW-Madison

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Human disturbance can alter species interactions and increase co-occurrence within wildlife communities. A study in Wisconsin, USA, using camera traps, found that disturbed landscapes had shorter time intervals between species detections, indicating increased interactions. The compressed co-occurrence may intensify competition, predation, and infection, causing stress in individual animals and cascading effects in populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Human disturbance may fundamentally alter the way that species interact, a prospect that remains poorly understood. We investigated whether anthropogenic landscape modification increases or decreases co-occurrence-a prerequisite for species interactions-within wildlife communities. Using 4 y of data from >2,000 camera traps across a human disturbance gradient in Wisconsin, USA, we considered 74 species pairs (classifying pairs as low, medium, or high antagonism to account for different interaction types) and used the time between successive detections of pairs as a measure of their co-occurrence probability and to define co-occurrence networks. Pairs averaged 6.1 [95% CI: 5.3, 6.8] d between detections in low-disturbance landscapes (e.g., national forests) but 4.1 [3.5, 4.7] d between detections in high-disturbance landscapes, such as those dominated by urbanization or intensive agriculture. Co-occurrence networks showed higher connectance (i.e., a larger proportion of the possible co-occurrences) and greater proportions of low-antagonism pairs in disturbed landscapes. Human-mediated increases in species abundance (possibly via resource subsidies) appeared more important than behavioral mechanisms (e.g., changes in daily activity timing) in driving these patterns of compressed co-occurrence in disturbed landscapes. The spatiotemporal compression of species co-occurrences in disturbed landscapes likely strengthens interactions like competition, predation, and infection unless species can avoid each other at fine spatiotemporal scales. Regardless, human-mediated increases in co-occurrence with-and hence increased exposure to-predators or competitors might elevate stress levels in individual animals, with possible cascading effects across populations, communities, and ecosystems.

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