Particulate matter in poultry house on poultry respiratory disease: a systematic review

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the essential environmental stressors for the poultry industry in the world. Given its large specific surface area, PM can adsorb and carry a variety of pollutants, including heavy metal ions, ammonia, and persistent organic pollutants such as pathogenic microorganisms. High concentrations of PM induce poultry respiratory inflammation and trig-ger various diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanism of PM in poultry houses on respiratory diseases has not been clarified due to its complexity and lack of accurate assays. In terms of pathogenesis, there are 3 ways to explain this phenomenon: Inhaled PM irritates the respiratory tract, decreases immune resistance, and causes a respiratory disease; respiratory tract irritation by com-pounds presents in PM; infections with pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms attached to PM. The lat-ter 2 modes of influence are more harmful. Specifically, PM can induce the respiratory disease through several toxic mechanisms, including ammonia ingestion and bio-accumulation, lung flora dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, this review summarizes the characteristics of PM in the poultry house and the impact of poultry PM on respiratory disease and proposes potential pathogenic mechanisms.

Automated summary

Particulate matter (PM) is a significant environmental stressor for the poultry industry worldwide, as it can adsorb and carry various pollutants, including pathogens. High concentrations of PM can induce respiratory inflammation and diseases in poultry. However, the exact pathogenic mechanism of PM in poultry houses is still unclear due to its complexity and lack of accurate assays.