Trends in appropriateness of end-of-life care in people with cancer, COPD or with dementia measured with population-level quality indicators

IntroductionMeasuring changes in the appropriateness of end-of-life care provided to patients with advanced illness such as cancer, COPD or dementia can help governments and practitioners improve service delivery and quality of life. However, an assessment of a possible shift in appropriateness of end-of-life care across the population is lacking. AimMeasuring quality indicators with routinely collected population-level data, this study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of end-of-life care for people with cancer, COPD or dementia in Belgium. DesignA population-level decedent cohort study, using data from eight population-level databases, including death certificate and health claims data. We measured validated sets of quality indicators for appropriateness of end-of-life care. Setting/ParticipantsAll people who died from cancer or COPD or with dementia between 1st January 2010 and 1st January 2016 in Belgium. ResultsWe identified three main trends over time across the three disease groups of increasing use of: family physicians in the last 30 days of life (+21.7% in cancer, +33.7% in COPD and +89.4% in dementia); specialist palliative care in the last 14 days of life (+4.6% in cancer, +36.9% in COPD, +17.8% in dementia); and emergency department in the last 30 days of life (+7.0% in cancer, +4.4% in COPD and +8.2% in dementia). ConclusionsAlthough we found an increase of both specialized palliative care and generalist palliative care use, we also found an increase in potentially inappropriate care, including ED and ICU admissions. To increase the quality of end-of-life care, both timely initiating (generalist and specialist) palliative care and avoiding potentially inappropriate care transitions, treatments and medications need to be quality performance targets.

Automated summary

This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of end-of-life care for people with cancer, COPD or dementia in Belgium using population-level data. The results show an increase in the use of family physicians, specialist palliative care, and emergency department in the last days of life. Although there is an increase in appropriate care, there is also an increase in potentially inappropriate care.