Unsteady self-similarity of jet fluid age and mass fraction

Scalar mixing is investigated in a decelerating turbulent round jet using direct numerical simulation. The main focus is to determine and model any new self-similar states in the unsteady flow as well as predict the centerline evolution of relevant flow quantities. The mass fraction of jet fluid and the fluid residence time, measured by the mass-weighted stream age of the jet fluid, both exhibit self-similar radial profiles in statistically stationary turbulent jets. Upon stopping the inflow, a deceleration wave passes through the jet, behind which a new self-similar state is observed for the two scalar variables. The self-similar state during the jet deceleration is different from that in the statistically stationary jet. Contrary to the steady-state behavior, the jet fluid mass fraction exhibits a linear increase with downstream distance in the decelerating jet, whereas the centerline mass-weighted stream age of jet fluid remains proportional to downstream distance. Scalar transport budget analysis shows that the radial transport term increases for both scalars, and that the contribution of the streamwise transport term of jet mass fraction changes sign between steady and unsteady cases.

Automated summary

Scalar mixing in decelerating turbulent round jet is studied using direct numerical simulation. The study aims to determine and model new self-similar states in the unsteady flow and predict the evolution of relevant flow quantities along the centerline. The mass fraction of jet fluid and the fluid residence time show self-similar radial profiles in statistically stationary turbulent jets. However, during the deceleration wave, a different self-similar state is observed for the two scalar variables. The behavior of the jet fluid mass fraction and the mass-weighted stream age of jet fluid changes in the decelerating jet compared to the steady-state jet.