期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 129, 期 25, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.252302
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation (NSF) within the framework of the XSCAPE project of the JETSCAPE collaboration [ACI-2004571]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under DOE [DE-SC0012704, DE-SC0021969]
- DOE Office of Science Early Career Award
- Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Topical Collaboration [DE-SC0013460]
- National Science Foundation [2030508]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0021969] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
The first full (3 + 1)D dynamical simulations of ultraperipheral Pb + Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider were presented to study particle production and collectivity, with results compared with experimental data, demonstrating the framework's quantitative tool for analyzing various system sizes.
We present the first full (3 + 1)D dynamical simulations of ultraperipheral Pb + Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Extrapolating from p + Pb collisions, we explore whether a quasireal photon gamma* interacting with the lead nucleus in an ultraperipheral collision can create a many-body system exhibiting fluid behavior. Assuming strong final-state interactions, we provide model results for charged hadron multiplicity, identified particle mean transverse momenta, and charged hadron anisotropic flow coef-ficients, and compare them with experimental data from the ALICE and ATLAS Collaborations. The elliptic flow hierarchy between p + Pb and gamma* + Pb collisions is dominated by the difference in longitudinal flow decorrelations and reproduces the experimental data well. We have demonstrated that our theoretical framework provides a quantitative tool to study particle production and collectivity for all system sizes, ranging from central heavy-ion collisions to small asymmetric collision systems at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider and even at the future Electron-Ion Collider.
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