Fabrication of 3D computer-generated hologram inside glass by femtosecond laser direct writing

The three-dimensional holography technique offers a powerful method for storing the depth information of objects, and it provides more realistic scene reconstruction compared with the two-dimensional case, so it is widely used in beam shaping, holographic display, and image encryption. However, the fabrication of holograms is currently limited to complex and time-consuming traditional nanofabrication techniques. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a hologram containing depth information inside glass using femtosecond laser direct writing. The whole process is simple and flexible because there is no complex operation like mask preparation. Then the reconstruction of the three-dimensional object is demonstrated and evaluated, and the experimental optimization as well as the limitations are also discussed.

Automated summary

The three-dimensional holography technique is widely used in beam shaping, holographic display, and image encryption due to its ability to store depth information and provide more realistic scene reconstruction compared to two-dimensional holography. However, the traditional nanofabrication techniques used for hologram fabrication are complex and time-consuming. In this study, we demonstrate a simpler and more flexible approach to fabricating holograms with depth information inside glass using femtosecond laser direct writing, eliminating the need for complex mask preparation. We then demonstrate and evaluate the reconstruction of three-dimensional objects, discussing experimental optimizations and limitations.