Prediction of heat and mass transfer in radiative hybrid nanofluid with chemical reaction using the least square method: A stability analysis of dual solution

This analysis aims to investigate the stability of dual solutions for the heat and mass transfer flow of hybrid nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking surface with a uniform shear flow. The impacts of thermal radiation, transpiration, and chemical reaction are also considered in the flow. Gold (Au) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are selected as nanomaterials while engine oil (EO) is chosen to be the base fluid. By applying the similarity transformation technique, the nondimensional differential equations are changed into dimensionless coupled differential equations. The least square method (LSM) is applied to solve the system analytically and obtained the dual solutions in a particular range of stretching/shrinking parameter lambda. Due to this, the stability analysis is implemented to ensure that only the first solution is stable. The smallest eigenvalues are computed by utilizing the bvp4c function in Matlab software, where positive eigenvalues are linked with the stable solution while negative eigenvalues are linked with the unstable solution. The impacts of several physical parameters on the governing problem are discussed in detail and displayed in graphical form.

Automated summary

This study investigates the stability of dual solutions for the heat and mass transfer flow of hybrid nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking surface with a uniform shear flow, taking into account thermal radiation, transpiration, and chemical reaction. Gold (Au) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are chosen as nanomaterials and engine oil (EO) as the base fluid. The nondimensional differential equations are transformed into dimensionless coupled differential equations using the similarity transformation technique. The least square method (LSM) is then applied to solve the system analytically and obtain the dual solutions within a specific range of the stretching/shrinking parameter lambda. Stability analysis is performed to determine the stability of the solutions based on the computed eigenvalues. The impacts of various physical parameters on the governing problem are discussed and presented in graphical form.