The early days of ex vivo 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance in the laboratory of Dr. Robert G. Shulman from 1975 to 1995

This paper provides a brief description of the early use of ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of tissue and tissue extracts performed in the laboratory of Dr. Robert G. Shulman from 1975 through 1995 at Bell Laboratories, then later at Yale University. During that period, ex vivo NMR provided critical information in support of resonance assignments and the quantitation of concentrations for magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. The period covered saw rapid advances in magnet technology, starting with studies of microorganisms in vertical bore high-resolution NMR studies, then by 1981 studies of small mammals in a horizontal bore magnet, and then studies of humans in 1984. Ex vivo NMR played a critical role in all these studies. A general strategy developed in the lab for using ex vivo NMR to support in vivo studies is presented, as well as illustrative examples.

Automated summary

This paper provides a summary of the early use of ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in tissue and tissue extract studies conducted by Dr. Robert G. Shulman from 1975 to 1995 at Bell Laboratories and later at Yale University. Ex vivo NMR played an essential role in resonance assignments, concentration quantification, and technological advancements in magnet technology. The paper presents a general strategy developed in the lab for integrating ex vivo NMR in vivo studies, along with illustrative examples.