☆ 4.8 Review

Humoral Innate Immunity and Acute-Phase Proteins

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Xiyuan Bai et al.

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Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels predict death, intubation and thrombotic events among hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Giuseppe Lapadula et al.

Summary: The study assessed the prognostic value of PTX3 in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results showed that high levels of PTX3 were associated with a worse outcome, and the evaluation of this marker could be useful in prognostic stratification and identification of patients who could benefit from immunomodulant therapy.

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Protective α1-antitrypsin effects in autoimmune vasculitis are compromised by methionine oxidation

Maximilian Ebert et al.

Summary: The levels of PR3 and AAT were significantly increased in patients with both PR3-AAV and MPO-AAV, but only in PR3-AAV did the level of PR3 correlate with the ANCA titer, inflammatory response, and disease severity. Mechanistically, AAT prevented PR3 from binding to CD177, reducing the binding of PR3-ANCA to neutrophil surface antigens. Active patients with PR3-AAV showed methionine oxidation in plasma AAT, which was replicated by ANCA-activated neutrophils. The protective effects of PR3-related AAT were compromised by oxidation in the AAT reactive center loop, but preserved with valine and leucine substitution for critical methionines.

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