Redescription and molecular characterisation of Panagrolaimus labiatus (Kreis, 1929) Andrassy, 1960 (Rhabditida , Panagrolaimidae) from India and proposal of P. burdwanensis Chaturvedi & Khera, 1979 as a junior synonym of P. labiatus

Two populations of bacterial-feeding nematodes belonging to the genus Panagrolaimus were recovered from infected slugs collected from gardens, agricultural areas and nurseries of the Baghpat district (India). Initial morphological characterisation of these populations show that they resemble Panagrolaimus labiatus from China and Bulgaria, P. burdwanensis from India, and P. cf. labiatus from Iran. To clarify taxonomical affiliations, we morphologically compared these two new populations to those recovered from China, Bulgaria, India and Iran. In addition, we sequenced several taxonomically relevant genes and used them to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that the two Indian populations do not significantly differ morphologically from the specimens used to describe the species P. labiatus, and also do not differ among them. We only observed small variations in the size of males and females. In addition, morphologically, the nematodes used to describe P. burdwanensis are very similar to the nematodes used to describe P. labiatus and to the two populations described in this study. Therefore, we propose P. burdwanensis as a junior synonym of P. labiatus and that the two populations recovered from India belong to the P. labiatus species. Phylogenetic analyses using the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences support our morphological conclusions. Our study therefore provides a detailed morphological description and molecular marker 18S and 28S gene sequences that can support future taxonomical studies of this species and highlights the importance of using both molecular and morphological data for the proper description of soil microfauna.

Automated summary

Two populations of Panagrolaimus nematodes were found in infected slugs from India, and their morphological characteristics were compared with populations from China, Bulgaria, and Iran. Molecular analysis supported the morphological findings, suggesting that the Indian populations belong to the species P. labiatus. Furthermore, the study proposed P. burdwanensis as a junior synonym of P. labiatus, highlighting the importance of combining morphological and molecular data for the accurate description of soil microfauna.