Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance: mechanisms and regulation

A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces. Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host physiological processes. A major function of these symbiotic microorganisms is protection against pathogen colonization and overgrowth of indigenous pathobionts. Dysbiosis of the normal microbial community increases the risk of pathogen infection and overgrowth of harmful pathobionts. The protective mechanisms conferred by the microbiota are complex and include competitive microbial-microbial interactions and induction of host immune responses. Pathogens, in turn, have evolved multiple strategies to subvert colonization resistance conferred by the microbiota. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbial symbionts limit pathogen colonization should guide the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat disease.

Automated summary

A dense and diverse microbial community, known as the microbiota, exists in the gut and epithelial surfaces, and has evolved with the host to provide numerous physiological benefits. These symbiotic microorganisms play a major role in protecting against pathogen colonization and excessive growth of harmful pathogens. Dysbiosis of the microbiota increases the risk of infection and overgrowth of pathobionts, but understanding the mechanisms by which microbial symbionts limit pathogen colonization can lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for disease prevention and treatment.