☆ 4.7 Review

The microbiota and the gut-liver axis in primary sclerosing cholangitis

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2023)

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A shared mucosal gut microbiota signature in primary sclerosing cholangitis before and after liver transplantation

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Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and found several features associated with PSC, including an expansion of Proteobacteria and increased variability. Furthermore, certain genera and the presence of the pathobiont Klebsiella were associated with reduced survival in PSC patients, and concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was associated with reduced levels of Akkermansia.

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Bile from Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Contains Mucosal-Associated Invariant T-Cell Antigens

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Summary: This study found that bile from patients with PSC may contain antigens that activate MAIT cells. Data from sequencing analysis suggested a higher abundance of ribD gene expression in bile samples that could activate MAIT cells. Furthermore, it was observed that cholangiocytes could take up and present biliary antigens to MAIT cells. These findings reveal a pathophysiological pathway connecting the immune system and the microbiome in PSC.

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Aberrant hepatic trafficking of gut-derived T cells is not specific to primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Summary: The study found that the gut homing hypothesis is not the primary driver of PSC, and aberrant recruitment of gut-derived T cells to the liver is also seen in other chronic liver diseases. This finding provides a new understanding of the pathogenesis of PSC and CLD.

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Summary: A study conducted on a large population-based cohort of 5,959 Finnish individuals identified genetic variations associated with gut microbial abundances. The study found 567 independent SNP-taxon associations, including associations with LCT, ABO, and MED13L genes. The findings shed light on the complex interactions between host genetics and gut microbiota, and their potential role in disease development.

NATURE GENETICS (2022)

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Effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome in 7,738 participants of the Dutch Microbiome Project

Esteban A. Lopera-Maya et al.

Summary: Host genetics influence the gut microbiome, with the LCT and ABO genes showing significant associations with microbial composition and function. The associations at the LCT locus are modulated by lactose intake, while those at ABO can be explained by participant secretor status determined by their FUT2 genotype. Further loci also show potential associations with microbial taxa and pathways. Larger sample sizes are needed to fully understand the effects of host genetics on the gut microbiome.

NATURE GENETICS (2022)

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Altered faecal microbiome and metabolome in IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

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MAIT cells in liver inflammation and fibrosis

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Summary: MAIT cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes abundant in humans, especially in the liver, that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by responding to bacterial metabolites presented by MR1. They possess a wide array of cytokine receptors, enabling them to respond independently of TCR. This distinctive cell type plays a role not only in infection or inflammation, but also in maintaining homeostasis and could have therapeutic implications in liver diseases.

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Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome

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Innate lymphocytes: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of liver diseases and cancer

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Lipid antigens in bile from patients with chronic liver diseases activate natural killer T cells

L. Valestrand et al.

Summary: The study found that bile from patients with chronic liver diseases contains antigenic lipids that can activate NKT cells. These antigens can activate both invariant and non-invariant NKT hybridomas, suggesting an immunological pathway that could be of critical importance in biliary immunology. Activation of NKT cells by bile samples may be associated with microbial DNA.

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Oral Vancomycin, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, or No Therapy for Pediatric Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Matched Analysis

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Alterations of the salivary and fecal microbiome in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Gut microbial metabolites as multi-kingdom intermediates

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Autism-related dietary preferences mediate autism-gut microbiome associations

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Altered Gut Microbial Metabolism of Essential Nutrients in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Associations of neopterin and kynurenine-tryptophan ratio with survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Circulating Macrophage Activation Markers Predict Transplant-Free Survival in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Summary: This study evaluated the role of macrophages in the development and progression of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and identified soluble CD163 (sCD163) as a prognostic marker and predictor of transplant-free survival in PSC patients. The levels of macrophage activation markers were found to be elevated with disease severity, indicating the importance of macrophages in PSC. Additionally, sCD163 performed better in predicting transplant-free survival in more severely diseased patients compared to those with milder disease.

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Clinical Features and Outcomes of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in the Highly Admixed Brazilian Population

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Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients from a multicenter cohort in Brazil. The study found that a significant proportion of PSC patients had concurrent inflammatory bowel disease, and adverse outcomes were more frequent, possibly due to more advanced disease at baseline.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Bile Acid Receptors and the Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Rui Xue et al.

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CELLS (2021)

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Single-cell atlas of hepatic T cells reveals expansion of liver-resident naive-like CD4+ T cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Tobias Poch et al.

Summary: This study established an atlas of intrahepatic T cells in PSC, uncovering a previously unrecognized population of liver-resident naive-like T cells and revealing their propensity to develop into T(H)17 cells in PSC patients.

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Downregulation of TGR5 (GPBAR1) in biliary epithelial cells contributes to the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis

Maria Reich et al.

Summary: The study revealed that reduced levels of TGR5 in BECs from patients with PSC and Abcb4(-/-) mice promote the development of a reactive BEC phenotype, aggravate biliary injury, and contribute to the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis. Restoration of biliary TGR5-expression levels represents a previously unknown mechanism of action of norUDCA.

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Intestinal CD8+ T cell responses are abundantly induced early in human development but show impaired cytotoxic effector capacities

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A biliary immune landscape map of primary sclerosing cholangitis reveals a dominant network of neutrophils and tissue-resident T cells

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Summary: The study on patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) revealed the characteristics of the human biliary immunological landscape, highlighting differences in immune cell composition compared to blood and the pathological features of biliary inflammation in PSC patients.

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Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

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WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Gut-Liver Immune Traffic: Deciphering Immune-Pathogenesis to Underpin Translational Therapy

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde Restores Gut Mucosal Integrity and Protects from Liver Fibrosis in Murine Sclerosing Cholangitis

Fiorella D'Onofrio et al.

Summary: The study shows that localized delivery of 3-IAld in the gut can modulate the intestinal microbiota and activate specific pathways to restore mucosal integrity, thereby alleviating hepatic inflammation and fibrosis caused by PSC.

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Gut microbiota depletion exacerbates cholestatic liver injury via loss of FXR signalling

Kai Markus Schneider et al.

Summary: Patients with PSC display alterations in gut microbiota and bile acid composition, which play a role in disease pathogenesis.

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Alterations in microbiota and their metabolites are associated with beneficial effects of bile acid sequestrant on icteric primary biliary Cholangitis

Bo Li et al.

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Metabolomic Analysis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

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Gut dysbiosis as a driver in alcohol-induced liver injury

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Fungi participate in the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Alterations of the bile microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Gut mycobiome of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients is characterised by an increase of Trichocladium griseum and Candida species

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Unique Phenotypic Characteristics and Clinical Course in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Multicenter US Experience

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The Candida albicans exotoxin candidalysin promotes alcohol-associated liver disease

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Microbiota changes and intestinal microbiota transplantation in liver diseases and cirrhosis

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A disease-specific decline of the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

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Emerging therapies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: pathophysiological basis and clinical opportunities

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Fecal Microbiomes Distinguish Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis From Healthy Individuals

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Open-label prospective therapeutic clinical trials: oral vancomycin in children and adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Altered Microbiome in Patients With Cirrhosis and Complications

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Oral vancomycin induces clinical and mucosal remission of colitis in children with primary sclerosing cholangitis-ulcerative colitis

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Oral Vancomycin Induces and Maintains Remission of Ulcerative Colitis in the Subset of Patients With Associated Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Changes of intestinal bacterial microbiota in coronary heart disease complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Gut pathobionts underlie intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver T helper 17 cell immune response in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease

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Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk factors for recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Pilot Clinical Trial

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A pilot study of fecal bile acid and microbiota profiles in inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Interplay of host genetics and gut microbiota underlying the onset and clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease

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Gut microbial profile is altered in primary biliary cholangitis and partially restored after UDCA therapy

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Vascular adhesion protein-1 is elevated in primary sclerosing cholangitis, is predictive of clinical outcome and facilitates recruitment of gut-tropic lymphocytes to liver in a substrate-dependent manner

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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The gut microbiota, bile acids and their correlation in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease

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Vedolizumab in patients with concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease does not improve liver biochemistry but is safe and effective for the bowel disease

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Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

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High Risk of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Design and Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism

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Natural History of Established and De Novo Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2018)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

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Do Long-Lived Plasma Cells Maintain a Healthy Microbiota in the Gut?

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Dysbiosis of the salivary microbiota in pediatric-onset primary sclerosing cholangitis and its potential as a biomarker

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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5-Aminosalicylic Acid Alters the Gut Bacterial Microbiota in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

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FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

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Oral vancomycin induces sustained deep remission in adult patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis leads to dysfunction and loss of MAIT cells

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Natural killer T cells mediate inflammation in the bile ducts

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Pilot study with IBAT inhibitor A4250 for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis

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Mucosal Autoimmunity to Cell-Bound GP2 Isoforms Is a Sensitive Marker in PSC and Associated With the Clinical Phenotype

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Microbially Produced Imidazole Propionate Impairs Insulin Signaling through mTORC1

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FXR-Dependent Modulation of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiome by the Bile Acid Derivative Obeticholic Acid

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Metabolomic Profiling of Portal Blood and Bile Reveals Metabolic Signatures of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Colectomy prior to diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with improved prognosis in a nationwide cohort study of 2594 PSC-IBD patients

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Gut and Liver B Cells of Common Clonal Origin in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Diet-Induced Dysbiosis and Genetic Background Synergize With Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Deficiency to Promote Cholangiopathy in Mice

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HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The gut-adherent microbiota of PSC-IBD is distinct to that of IBD

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GUT (2017)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Characterisation of the faecal microbiota in Japanese patients with paediatric-onset primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The gut microbial profile in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is distinct from patients with ulcerative colitis without biliary disease and healthy controls

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Anti-GP2 IgA autoantibodies are associated with poor survival and cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD

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Low-Grade Endotoxemia and Platelet Activation in Cirrhosis

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Short- and long-term effects of oral vancomycin on the human intestinal microbiota

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Association between serum soluble CD14 and IL-8 levels and clinical outcome in primary biliary cholangitis

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Antineutrophil antibodies define clinical and genetic subgroups in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Genome-wide association study of primary sclerosing cholangitis identifies new risk loci and quantifies the genetic relationship with inflammatory bowel disease

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Elevated trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with poor prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with normal liver function

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Increased Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated With Activity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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Patient Age, Sex, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype Associate With Course of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Validation of the Prognostic Value of Histologic Scoring Systems in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: An International Cohort Study

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Review Immunology

Regionalized Development and Maintenance of the Intestinal Adaptive Immune Landscape

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IMMUNITY (2017)

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Review Immunology

Tissue adaptation: Implications for gut immunity and tolerance

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norUrsodeoxycholic acid improves cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Primary sclerosing cholangitis - a comprehensive review

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JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut and liver T-cells of common clonal origin in primary sclerosing cholangitis-inflammatory bowel disease

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The gut microbiota contributes to a mouse model of spontaneous bile duct inflammation

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JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672 on pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover, phase 2a study

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LANCET (2017)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Genetics of primary sclerosing cholangitis and pathophysiological implications

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NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis

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WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2017)

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Article Cell Biology

A Murine Intestinal Intraepithelial NKp46-Negative Innate Lymphoid Cell Population Characterized by Group 1 Properties

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CELL REPORTS (2017)

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Review Immunology

Innate Lymphoid Cells in Intestinal Inflammation

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Differential Location and Distribution of Hepatic Immune Cells

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PLOS ONE (2017)

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Crosstalk between Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota and Its Impact on Farnesoid Receptor Signalling

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Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Lean Donor Feces in Metabolic Syndrome Is Driven by Baseline Intestinal Microbiota Composition

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immunosuppressive Agents for the Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Gerhard Rogler

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Gut Microbiome Function Predicts Response to Anti-integrin Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2017)

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Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes

Eliana Marino et al.

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Prospective Clinical Trial of Rifaximin Therapy for Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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TGR5 is essential for bile acid-dependent cholangiocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro

Maria Reich et al.

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The composition and differentiation potential of the duodenal intraepithelial innate lymphocyte compartment is altered in coeliac disease

Frederike Schmitz et al.

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Surrogate Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Review and Results From an International PSC Study Group Consensus Process

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Characterization of Intestinal Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Patients with and without Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The features of mucosa-associated microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis

J. Torres et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2016)

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Alterations and correlations of the gut microbiome, metabolism and immunity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Long-Xian Lv et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2016)

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: an observational study in a Southern Europe population focusing on new therapeutic options

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Prevalence of Sclerosing Cholangitis Detected by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Aida Kapic Lunder et al.

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterised by intestinal dysbiosis independent from IBD

Joao Sabino et al.

GUT (2016)

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Intestinal CCL25 expression is increased in colitis and correlates with inflammatory activity

Palak J. Trivedi et al.

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Anti-TNF Therapy Response in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Is Associated with Colonic Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Microbiota Composition

Maria K. Magnusson et al.

JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS (2016)

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Coffee consumption protects against progression in liver cirrhosis and increases long-term survival after liver transplantation

Kilian Friedrich et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2016)

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A Triple Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vancomycin in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: a Pilot Study

Shahab Rahimpour et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES (2016)

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Altered gut microbiota profile in common variable immunodeficiency associates with levels of lipopolysaccharide and markers of systemic immune activation

S. F. Jorgensen et al.

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Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity

Helle Krogh Pedersen et al.

NATURE (2016)

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Genome-wide association analysis identifies variation in vitamin D receptor and other host factors influencing the gut microbiota

Jun Wang et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2016)

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CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands

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Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins

Malin E. V. Johansson et al.

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Gut microbiota diversity predicts immune status in HIV-1 infection

Piotr Nowak et al.

AIDS (2015)

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Fecal Microbiota in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Relation to Inflammation

Kaija-Leena Kolho et al.

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Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses

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Non-lethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Production for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

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The Dynamics of the Human Infant Gut Microbiome in Development and in Progression toward Type 1 Diabetes

Aleksandar D. Kostic et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2015)

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Induces Remission in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial

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The biliary epithelium presents antigens to and activates natural killer T cells

Elisabeth Schrumpf et al.

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Interleukin-12 and-23 Control Plasticity of CD127+ Group 1 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Intestinal Lamina Propria

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Methods to determine intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation during liver disease

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A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria

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Systematic genome assessment of B-vitamin biosynthesis suggests co-operation among gut microbes

Stefania Magnusdottir et al.

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Dietary effects on human gut microbiome diversity

Zhenjiang Xu et al.

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The Mucosa-associated Microbiota of PSC Patients is Characterized by Low Diversity and Low Abundance of Uncultured Clostridiales II

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Serum metabolic signatures of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut-liver axis in liver cirrhosis: How to manage leaky gut and endotoxemia

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WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2015)

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Immunoglobulin A Coating Identifies Colitogenic Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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The Treatment-Naive Microbiome in New-Onset Crohn's Disease

Dirk Gevers et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2014)

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Effects of Coffee Consumption, Smoking, and Hormones on Risk for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Ina Marie Andersen et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2014)

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Reduced Coffee Consumption Among Individuals With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis but Not Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Craig Lammert et al.

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Nationwide survey for primary sclerosing cholangitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis in Japan

Atsushi Tanaka et al.

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Impact of oral vancomycin on gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity

Anne Vrieze et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2014)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2014)

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Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome

Lawrence A. David et al.

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Protective mucosal immunity mediated by epithelial CD1d and IL-10

Torsten Olszak et al.

NATURE (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis

Nan Qin et al.

NATURE (2014)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bile acid receptors as targets for drug development

Frank G. Schaap et al.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2014)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Randomised clinical trial: vancomycin or metronidazole in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - a pilot study

J. H. Tabibian et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Abnormal fecal microbiota community and functions in patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis as revealed by a metagenomic approach

Xiao Wei et al.

BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

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Article Cell Biology

Gut Microbiota Regulates Bile Acid Metabolism by Reducing the Levels of Tauro-beta-muricholic Acid, a Naturally Occurring FXR Antagonist

Sama I. Sayin et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases

Henri Duboc et al.

GUT (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Population-Based Epidemiology, Malignancy Risk, and Outcome of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Kirsten Boonstra et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Increased T Helper Type 17 Response To Pathogen Stimulation in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Janosch Katt et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Immunology

Immunomodulatory Effect of Vancomycin on Treg in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

David N. Abarbanel et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis

Genta Kakiyama et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2013)

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Dietary vitamin B6 intake modulates colonic inflammation in the IL10-/- model of inflammatory bowel disease

Jacob Selhub et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2013)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Pathological bacterial translocation in cirrhosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical implications

Pablo Bellot et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome

Shin Yoshimoto et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Dense genotyping of immune-related disease regions identifies nine new risk loci for primary sclerosing cholangitis

Jimmy Z. Liu et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2013)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis

Robert A. Koeth et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2013)

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Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice

Vanessa K. Ridaura et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Progressive Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Requiring Liver Transplantation Is Associated With Reduced Need for Colectomy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

Udayakumar Navaneethan et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2012)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Metabolomic profiling of 17 bile acids in serum from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: A pilot study

Jocelyn Trottier et al.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2012)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Clinical characterization in liver transplanted and nontransplanted patients

Kristin Kaasen Jorgensen et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2012)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Extended analysis of a genome-wide association study in primary sclerosing cholangitis detects multiple novel risk loci

Trine Folseraas et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10-/- mice

Suzanne Devkota et al.

NATURE (2012)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Bile Acids Regulate Cardiovascular Function

Sandeep Khurana et al.

CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2011)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Loss of CFTR Affects Biliary Epithelium Innate Immunity and Causes TLR4-NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Mice

Romina Fiorotto et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2011)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immune reactivity to β-tubulin isotype 5 and vesicular integral-membrane protein 36 in patients with autoimmune gastrointestinal disorders

Katrijn Op De Beeck et al.

GUT (2011)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Does the severity of primary sclerosing cholangitis influence the clinical course of associated ulcerative colitis?

Laura Marelli et al.

GUT (2011)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease

Zeneng Wang et al.

NATURE (2011)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Altered biliary epithelial cell and monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide as a TLR ligand in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Jingmin Zhao et al.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2011)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Update on primary sclerosing cholangitis

Tom H. Karlsen et al.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal permeability in patients with chronic liver diseases: Its relationship with the aetiology and the entity of liver damage

Rita Cariello et al.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Tom H. Karlsen et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

p-ANCAs in autoimmune liver disorders recognise human beta-tubulin isotype 5 and cross-react with microbial protein FtsZ

Birgit Terjung et al.

GUT (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Incidence and Prevalence of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in a Defined Adult Population in Sweden

Bjorn Lindkvist et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2010)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Minocycline in the Treatment of Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Results of a Pilot Study

Marina G. Silveira et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2009)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene polymorphisms in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Liesbet Henckaerts et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2009)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Influence of dominant bile duct stenoses and biliary infections on outcome in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Gerda Rudolph et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2009)

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Review Immunology

NKT cells in mucosal immunity

S. Middendorp et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Uptake through glycoprotein 2 of FimH+ bacteria by M cells initiates mucosal immune response

Koji Hase et al.

NATURE (2009)

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Review Microbiology

ESSAY What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota?

Martin J. Blaser et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2009)

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Article Microbiology

Characterization of a Streptococcus sp.-Veillonella sp Community Micromanipulated from Dental Plaque

Natalia I. Chalmers et al.

JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY (2008)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of infliximab in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Daan W. Hommes et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY (2008)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Long-term treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with oral vancomycin: An immunomodulating antibiotic

Yinka K. Davies et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION (2008)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Johannes Roksund Hov et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2008)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Abnormal intestinal permeability in primary biliary cirrhosis

Jordan J. Feld et al.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2006)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Therapeutic benefit of sulfasalazine for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Shinichiro Tada et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2006)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Adaptive regulation of the ileal apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) in patients with obstructive cholestasis

P Hruz et al.

GUT (2006)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory a bowel disease, and colon cancer

Ulrika Broome et al.

SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE (2006)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal permeability and bacterial growth of the small bowel in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

E Björnsson et al.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2005)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The relation between plasma tyrosine concentration and fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

PCJ ter Borg et al.

BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY (2005)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

PSC-IBD: a unique form of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

EV Loftus et al.

GUT (2005)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Metronidazole and ursodeoxycholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis:: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

M Färkkilä et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2004)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A pilot study of etanercept in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis

MP Epstein et al.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2004)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis of liver allograft

A Vera et al.

LANCET (2002)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Absolute counts and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in small intestine of BALB/c mice change during weaning

M Manzano et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2002)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical profile of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Singapore

TL Ang et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2002)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis

RM Soetikno et al.

GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY (2002)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis

A Bergquist et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2002)

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