A new platform for autoimmune diseases. Inducing tolerance with liposomes encapsulating autoantigens

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are caused by the loss of self-tolerance and destruction of tissues by the host's immune system. Several antigen-specific immunotherapies, focused on arresting the autoimmune attack, have been tested in clinical trials with discouraging results. Therefore, there is a need for innovative strategies to restore self-tolerance safely and definitively in AIDs. We previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposomes encapsulating autoantigens in experimental type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Here, we show that PS-liposomes can be adapted to other autoimmune diseases by simply replacing the encapsulated autoantigen. After administration, they are distributed to target organs, captured by phagocytes and interact with several immune cells, thus exerting a tolerogenic and immunoregulatory effect. Specific PS-liposomes demonstrate great preventive and therapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis. Thus, this work highlights the therapeutic potential of a platform for several autoimmunity settings, which is specific, safe, and with long-term effects. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of using phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposomes encapsulating autoantigens to treat various autoimmune diseases. These specific PS-liposomes have shown preventive and therapeutic efficacy in restoring self-tolerance and immunoregulation.