期刊
MOLECULES
卷 27, 期 24, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248772
关键词
cardoon leaves; plant extracts; bioactive molecules; Rett syndrome; bioeconomy; supercritical carbon dioxide; Naviglio(R)
资金
- Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Universita, CARDIGAN project
- University of Trieste
- ProRett research ONLUS (Italy)
This study investigates the bioactive properties of different extracts of cardoon leaves in rescuing neuronal development arrest in an in vitro model of Rett syndrome. The results suggest that extracts from cardoon leaves harvested in different seasons have varied effects on neuronal development, with autumn harvest extracts containing more bioactive molecules. Cynaropicrin and lupeol may have neurotoxic effects, while squalene and 3ss-taraxerol may promote neuronal development.
This study investigates the bioactive properties of different extracts of cardoon leaves in rescuing neuronal development arrest in an in vitro model of Rett syndrome (RTT). Samples were obtained from plants harvested at different maturity stages and extracted with two different methodologies, namely Naviglio(R) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)). While scCO(2) extracts more hydrophobic fractions, the Naviglio(R) method extracts phenolic compounds and less hydrophobic components. Only the scCO(2) cardoon leaves extract obtained from plants harvested in spring induced a significant rescue of neuronal atrophy in RTT neurons, while the scCO(2) extract from the autumn harvest stimulated dendrite outgrowth in Wild-Type (WT) neurons. The scCO(2) extracts were the richest in squalene, 3ss-taraxerol and lupeol, with concentrations in autumn harvest doubling those in spring harvest. The Naviglio(R) extract was rich in cynaropicrin and exerted a toxic effect at 20 mu M on both WT and RTT neurons. When cynaropicrin, squalene, lupeol and 3ss-taraxerol were tested individually, no positive effect was observed, whereas a significant neurotoxicity of cynaropicrin and lupeol was evident. In conclusion, cardoon leaves extracts with high content of hydrophobic bioactive molecules and low cynaropicrin and lupeol concentrations have pharmacological potential to stimulate neuronal development in RTT and WT neurons in vitro.
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