Monitoring the Effect of Calcium Nitrate on the Induction Period of Cement Hydration via Low-Field NMR Relaxometry

The hydration process of Portland cement is still not completely understood. For instance, it is not clear what produces the induction period, which follows the initial period of fast reaction, and is characterized by a reduced reactivity. To contribute to such understanding, we compare here the hydration process of two cement samples, the simple cement paste and the cement paste containing calcium nitrate as an accelerator. The hydration of these samples is monitored during the induction period using two different low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry techniques. The transverse relaxation measurements of the H-1 nuclei at 20 MHz resonance frequency show that the capillary pore water is not consumed during the induction period and that this stage is shortened in the presence of calcium nitrate. The longitudinal relaxation measurements, performed at variable Larmor frequency of the H-1 nuclei, reveal a continuous increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of the capillary pores, even during the induction period, and this increase is faster in the presence of calcium nitrate. The desorption time of water molecules from the surface was also evaluated, and it increases in the presence of calcium nitrate.

Automated summary

The hydration process of Portland cement, specifically the induction period, is not fully understood. To contribute to the understanding of this process, the hydration of two cement samples (simple cement paste and calcium nitrate-containing paste) was compared using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry techniques. The results showed that the capillary pore water is not consumed during the induction period and that the presence of calcium nitrate shortens this stage. Furthermore, the surface-to-volume ratio of the capillary pores continuously increases, even during the induction period, and this increase is faster in the presence of calcium nitrate. The desorption time of water molecules from the surface also increases in the presence of calcium nitrate.