Application of deep eutectic solvents in analytical sample pretreatment (update 2017-2022). Part A: Liquid phase microextraction

Sustainable development in all branches of human activity has become an unequivocal necessity in the last two decades, and green chemistry goes hand in hand with it. Various ways have been proposed in analytical chemistry to meet the current requirements of green chemistry. One such approach is the research of new reagents and solvents for analytical purposes. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) began being investigated and used in analytical chemistry in the middle of the last decade; since then, we can observe a sharp increase in published works in this area. This paper focuses on liquid-liquid (micro)extraction (LLME) procedures and describes the applications of DESs for the determination of organic and inorganic analytes in various matrices. The use of DESs in sorbent-based procedures will be discussed in a separate paper.

Automated summary

Sustainable development has become a necessity in all areas of human activity, and green chemistry is closely related to it. In the field of analytical chemistry, various approaches have been proposed to meet the requirements of green chemistry, such as the research of new reagents and solvents for analytical purposes. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been investigated and used in analytical chemistry since the mid-2000s, leading to a significant increase in published works in this area. This paper focuses specifically on the applications of DESs in liquid-liquid (micro)extraction (LLME) procedures for the determination of organic and inorganic analytes in different matrices. The use of DESs in sorbent-based procedures will be discussed in a separate paper.