期刊
CELL
卷 162, 期 3, 页码 527-539出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.002
关键词
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资金
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (CREST)
- Japanese Society for Promotion of Science
- German Science Foundation Priority Programme [SPP1530]
- Australian Research Council
- NIAS Tsukuba
- IPK Gatersleben
- University of Dundee
- James Hutton Institute
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L026317/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/L026317/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [13F03513] Funding Source: KAKEN
About 12,000 years ago in the Near East, humans began the transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture-based societies. Barley was a founder crop in this process, and the most important steps in its domestication were mutations in two adjacent, dominant, and complementary genes, through which grains were retained on the inflorescence at maturity, enabling effective harvesting. Independent recessive mutations in each of these genes caused cell wall thickening in a highly specific grain disarticulation zone, converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention. By tracing the evolutionary history of allelic variation in both genes, we conclude that spatially and temporally independent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of barley by farmers in the southern and northern regions of the Levant, actions that made a major contribution to the emergence of early agrarian societies.
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