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Review
Engineering, Environmental
Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy et al.
Summary: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid increase in the threat of PPE waste pollution, requiring further research to understand and address this issue, particularly in the areas of chemical emissions and environmental pollution.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bilal Mghili et al.
Summary: Recreational beaches in the Moroccan Mediterranean are the most polluted areas, which is related to the number of visitors on urban beaches. The significant influx of face masks onto beaches could lead to a drastic increase in microplastic pollution in the Moroccan Mediterranean in the coming years.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tadele Assefa Aragaw et al.
Summary: Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution is a significant environmental challenge resulting from the pandemic. This study focuses on PPE pollution in the freshwater environment near Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It reveals a high density of PPE pollution, particularly surgical face masks, in areas with recreational, touristic, and commercial activities. Effective solid waste management and sustainable tourism practices are necessary to protect the lake ecosystem from the hazards posed by PPEs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Keiron P. Roberts et al.
Summary: The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a sharp rise in PPE-related litter, particularly masks. However, after the implementation of facemask policies, the amount of glove litter began to decrease.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre et al.
Summary: This study conducted nationwide surveys in Peru and Argentina to investigate the abundance and distribution of PPE in coastal sites. Analysis of recovered PPE using various techniques revealed the chemical and structural degradation of PPE in the environment, with common polymers such as polypropylene being identified. Weathering signs and elemental additives like Ca and AgNPs were also found on the surface of PPE. The decrease in crystallinity of polypropylene face masks observed in XRD patterns might affect their interaction with external contaminants and stability.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Victor Vasques Ribeiro et al.
Summary: This study reports the contamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) in Santos beaches, Brazil using standardized procedures for the first time. The occurrence of PPE items was found in all sampled sites, with relatively low densities compared to other parts of the world. Unlike previous studies, reusable face masks were the most common type of PPE. It is important to monitor and understand this form of plastic pollution, as PPE items can release microfibers into the aquatic environment and pose hazards to marine biota.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kannan Gunasekaran et al.
Summary: The increased use of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment (PPE) has resulted in more plastic waste in Indian beaches. The study found that face masks were the most commonly found type of PPE, while gloves accounted for a small percentage. However, there was a significant reduction in the presence of PPE on all six beaches, likely due to higher vaccination rates. The most contaminated beaches were those with recreational activities and fishing. The main causes of PPE pollution on beaches were the lack of environmental awareness, negligence of the population, and improper waste management. This study confirms the potential threat of PPE to terrestrial and aquatic organisms in India, but further research is needed to quantify the impact on marine animals.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kannan Gunasekaran et al.
Summary: The study highlights the increase in plastic waste in the marine environment due to the rise in the use of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment. Surveying 6 beaches along the coast of India, the research found a comparable density of PPE to previous studies, with face masks being the most recorded type. Though a significant reduction in PPE presence was recorded on all beaches, the potential threat of PPE to terrestrial and aquatic organisms in India is confirmed.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Md. Mijanur Rahman et al.
Summary: The recurrent appearance of novel coronaviruses and their impact on global health has sparked a response from the scientific community. Wild birds, with their high biodiversity and unique immune system, may serve as important sources of zoonotic coronavirus transmission. It is essential to conduct thorough research and monitoring to understand the role of wild birds in the spread of coronaviruses.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Justine Ammendolia et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in production, consumption, and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE), mainly made of single-use plastic. The study conducted in the metropolitan city of Toronto, Canada found that disposable gloves were the most common PPE debris item, followed by face masks and disinfectant wipes. High densities of PPE debris were observed in grocery store parking lots and hospital districts, while lower densities were found in residential areas and recreational trails. Proper disposal methods for PPE debris should be improved through municipal efforts informed by waste pathways.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Md. Sazzadul Haque et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in the use of disposable plastic items, especially personal protective equipment (PPE), resulting in a massive amount of plastic waste that poses a threat to the environment. Proper waste management strategies and policy responses are needed to address this issue and ensure sustainable practices in the current and post-pandemic periods.
WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gabriel E. De-la-Torre et al.
Summary: The overuse of plastic-based PPEs during the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated marine plastic pollution, highlighting the need for research on the sources, fate, and impacts of PPEs in order to prevent further degradation of marine environments.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohamed Ben Haddad et al.
Summary: The increasing use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to combat COVID-19 has led to significant environmental pollution along the coastline of Agadir, Morocco, with a majority of the pollution being face masks. The pollution was most severe on beaches with recreational activities, and the PPE items were found to be driven by beachgoers. The study calls for enhanced environmental awareness and education, improved beach cleaning strategies, and the adoption of alternatives like biodegradable materials and recycling for PPE.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jose E. Celis et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 diagnostic tests generate a significant amount of disposable plastic waste, with no clear correlation to a country's population size, GDP, or confirmed cases. The incineration of these plastic residues releases toxic chemicals into the environment, highlighting the need to reduce plastic waste and improve emissions control at incineration plants. In the long term, the development of biodegradable biomedical manufacturing free of toxic chemicals during incineration should be considered.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rodrigo Custodio Urban et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decrease in solid waste production in major cities in Brazil, but improper handling of medical waste and disposable face masks poses environmental and health risks. The suspension of recycling programs has resulted in a double loss of both economic and environmental impacts.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Reza Cordova et al.
Summary: Increased plastic use during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to challenges in reducing marine plastic debris. In Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, there was a 5% increase in debris abundance and a 23-28% decrease in weight in March-April 2020 compared to March-April 2016, with plastics making up 46% of the river debris.
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Ardusso et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the use of face masks and other personal protective equipment made of polymeric materials, contributing to plastic pollution. This issue is particularly pronounced in South America.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hemal Chowdhury et al.
Summary: This study estimated the annual face mask utilization and plastic pollution from mismanaged face masks in coastal regions of 46 countries, highlighting that with lower waste management facilities, the number of plastic debris entering the ocean will rise, and calling for significant investments from global communities in improving waste management facilities.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh et al.
Summary: During the Covid-19 pandemic, a study conducted in the Bushehr port coastline of the Persian Gulf found a high presence of PPE waste, with an estimated disposal rate of 350 items per day and 127,750 items per year. The damaged surgical masks and torn plastic gloves collected from the coastal areas were identified as potential sources of microplastics pollution in marine environments.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Tony R. Walker
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Md. Refat Jahan Rakib et al.
Summary: The widespread use of personal protective equipment (PPE) due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant contribution to marine plastic pollution, with face masks being the primary item found on Cox's Bazar beach. Illegal dumping and tourist/recreational beaches are the main sources of PPE pollution, highlighting the importance of proper waste management practices in addressing this issue.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Maria B. Alfonso et al.
Summary: Plastic use and production have significantly increased globally over the past 65 years, improving life quality but also generating a substantial amount of plastic waste, especially single-use plastic products. Reports in recent years have highlighted the adverse effects of plastic litter on coastal environments, with Latin America and the Caribbean being particularly vulnerable. The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to further increase the rate of single-use plastic waste generation.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fernando G. Torres et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in consumption of PPE, particularly single-use face masks. Innovative approaches are needed to manage and recycle PPE to reduce environmental impacts. Daily face mask waste generation in Peru is significant, highlighting the challenges in solid waste management.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gabriel E. De-la-Torre et al.
Summary: The study reported the occurrence and distribution of COVID-19-associated PPE along the coast of Lima, Peru, with recreational beaches being the most polluted sites where most PPE was discarded by beachgoers. The lack of environmental awareness, education, and coastal mismanagement may pose a threat to the marine environment.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Martin Thiel et al.
Summary: Face masks were found on beaches across Chile, with average densities higher than in Peru but lower than in Kenya. Daily accumulation rates were significantly higher during the summer season compared to fall/winter, likely due to increased beach visitors. Recommendations include providing more PPE-related signs and waste bins, establishing stricter waste disposal regulations, and enhancing educational campaigns promoting proper use and disposal of face masks.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Megha Bansal et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a prolonged impact globally and has disrupted life worldwide. While the use of personal protective equipment has reduced virus transmission, the plastic waste generated due to the pandemic has had a negative impact on the environment globally.
JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ecology
Jose Carlos Garcia-Gomez et al.
Summary: Plastic, as a vector for the dispersal of marine species, is widely dispersed in different oceans and ecosystems due to its persistence, buoyancy, and chemical composition variety. Studies have shown that a wide range of potentially invasive species, from macrofauna to toxic microorganisms, can attach to plastic materials and cause significant damage in distant locations from their origin.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nsikak U. Benson et al.
Summary: Plastic waste has significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, posing potential environmental issues. Governments and businesses have the opportunity to rebuild new sustainable industries.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eric Okuku et al.
Summary: The study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marine litter pollution in Mombasa, Kilifi, and Kwale counties of Kenya in June 2020, revealing that urban beaches had a higher proportion of COVID-19 related items due to purchasing habits and lifestyle choices. In contrast, recreational beaches showed minimal presence of COVID-19 related products, likely due to the beach closure directive as a contingency measure. Overall, beach closures and restricted movement helped reduce litter leakage into the marine environment.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Lisheng Wang et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Joana C. Prata et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tadele Assefa Aragaw
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2020)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tanveer M. Adyel
Article
Environmental Sciences
Oluniyi O. Fadare et al.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Oceanography
F. Asensio-Montesinos et al.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2019)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Silvia Galafassi et al.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leonardo Pantoja Munoz et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thomais Vlachogianni et al.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2018)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Alice A. Horton et al.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Ioakeimidis et al.
Article
Ecology
S. Kordella et al.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT
(2013)