Macroalgal blooms affect the food web of tropical coastal ecosystems impacted by fisheries

Macroalgal bloom events have been frequent in recent years. Eutrophication and overexploitation fishing may favor blooms through nutrient availability and capturing top predators. We aim to investigate the drivers of the macroalgae blooms and their consequences on the food web of the two tropical coastal ecosystems: Porto do Mangue (with high macroalgae production) and Baia Formosa (control environment, without macroalgae), both exploited by artisanal fisheries in northeastern Brazil. The food webs are modeled using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach. Our results suggest that fishing did not favor macroalgae blooms but rather the high concentration of nutrients added to the semi-arid conditions. Furthermore, the macroalgae bloom showed low trophic impact, so much of their biomass is transferred into detritus. However, when it decomposes, this accumulation of matter alters the structure and functioning of the ecosystem, affecting its main fish resources: shrimp and piscivorous fish. Investigating blooms is key to management.

Automated summary

Macroalgal bloom events have become more frequent in recent years. Eutrophication and overexploitation fishing are potential drivers of these blooms. This study investigates the drivers and consequences of macroalgae blooms in two tropical coastal ecosystems in northeastern Brazil. The results suggest that fishing does not promote macroalgae blooms, but rather the high concentration of nutrients in the semi-arid conditions. The decomposition of macroalgae biomass affects the ecosystem structure and functioning, particularly the main fish resources. Investigating blooms is crucial for effective management.