Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Composite Nanoparticles for Augmented Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering

Progressive aging harms bone tissue structure and function and, thus, requires effective therapies focusing on permanent tissue regeneration rather than partial cure, beginning with regenerative medicine. Due to advances in tissue engineering, stimulating osteogenesis with biomimetic nanoparticles to create a regenerative niche has gained attention for its efficacy and cost-effectiveness. In particular, hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2)) has gained significant interest in orthopedic applications as a major inorganic mineral of native bone. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have also been noted for their multifunctional potential for hyperthermia, MRI contrast agents, drug delivery, and mechanosensitive receptor manipulation to induce cell differentiation, etc. Thus, the present study synthesizes HAP-decorated MNPs (MHAP NPs) via the wet chemical co-precipitation method. Synthesized MHAP NPs were evaluated against the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells towards concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, proliferation, morphology staining, ROS generation, and osteogenic differentiation. The result evidenced that MHAP NPs concentration up to 10 mu g/mL was non-toxic even with the time-dependent proliferation studies. As nanoparticle concentration increased, FACS apoptosis assay and ROS data showed a significant rise in apoptosis and ROS generation. The MC3T3-E1 cells cocultured with 5 mu g/mL MHAP NPs showed significant osteogenic differentiation potential. Thus, MHAP NPs synthesized with simple wet chemistry could be employed in bone regenerative therapy.

Automated summary

Progressive aging causes damage to bone tissue structure and function, necessitating effective therapies for permanent tissue regeneration. Advances in tissue engineering have led to the use of biomimetic nanoparticles, particularly hydroxyapatite (HAP), for regenerative medicine. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have also shown multifunctional potential, including hyperthermia, drug delivery, and cell differentiation. This study synthesized HAP-decorated MNPs (MHAP NPs) and evaluated their effects on MC3T3-E1 cells. The results showed that MHAP NPs up to a concentration of 10 μg/mL were non-toxic and promoted cell proliferation, apoptosis and ROS generation. Cells cocultured with MHAP NPs at 5 μg/mL showed significant osteogenic differentiation potential. Therefore, MHAP NPs synthesized through wet chemistry could be used in bone regenerative therapy.