The predictive value of four serum biomarkers for major adverse events in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm

Background: The primary aim of this study was to test which of a group of four inflammation and thrombosis biomarkers were independently predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: A total of 471 participants with a 30-to 54-mm AAA had serum C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and homocysteine measured. The primary outcome was MACE, which was defined as the first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death. The association of biomarkers with events was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses. The net improvement in risk of event categorization with addition of a biomarker to clinical risk factors alone was assessed using net reclassification index. Results: Participants were followed for a median of 2.4 years (interquartile range, 0.8-5.4 years), and 102 (21.7%) had a MACE. The incidence of MACE was 13.2% in participants with CRP >3.0 mg/L, compared with 10.1% in those with CRP <= 3.0 mg/L at 2.5 years (P 1/4 .047). After adjusting for other risk factors, higher CRP was associated with a significantly higher risk of MACE (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.35). None of the other biomarkers were associated with the risk of MACE. According to the net reclassification index, CRP significantly improved the risk classification of MACE compared with clinical risk factors alone. Conclusions: CRP can assist in classification of risk of MACE for patients with small AAA. (J Vasc Surg 2023;77:1037-44.)

Automated summary

This study aimed to identify the biomarkers that can independently predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and found that C-reactive protein (CRP) can assist in classifying the risk of MACE.