Pathophysiology, Echocardiographic Diagnosis, and Treatment of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Atrial functional versus ventricular functional mitral regurgitation: Prognostic implications

Sameer A. Hirji et al.

Summary: There are important differences in baseline characteristics between atrial functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and ventricular FMR patients, which affect in-hospital and midterm outcomes.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair in atrial functional mitral regurgitation: insights from the multi-center MITRA-TUNE registry

Antonio Popolo Rubbio et al.

Summary: This study investigated the acute and mid-term outcomes of transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TMVr) with the MitraClip in atrial functional mitral regurgitation (A-FMR). The results showed that MitraClip is a safe and effective option to treat A-FMR in elderly patients, improving their prognosis and leading to positive reverse remodeling.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Variable definitions and treatment approaches for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: A scoping review of the literature

Andrea Amabile et al.

Summary: AFMR's definition varies in surgical studies, making comparisons difficult across studies; the majority of patients undergo isolated mitral annuloplasty, but there is substantial variability in the proportion of patients undergoing concomitant procedures.

JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Right heart chambers geometry and function in patients with the atrial and the ventricular phenotypes of functional tricuspid regurgitation

Diana R. Florescu et al.

Summary: This study compared the geometry and function of the right ventricle, right atrium, and tricuspid annulus in patients with A-FTR and V-FTR, finding that despite similar severity of FTR, A-FTR patients had larger RAVmin and smaller TA areas compared to V-FTR patients, who exhibited dilated, more elliptic and dysfunctional right ventricles.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease Developed by the Task Force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)

Alec Vahanian et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mitral valve edge-to-edge repair versus indirect mitral valve annuloplasty in atrial functional mitral regurgitation

Dennis Rottlaender et al.

Summary: This study compared the use of the Carillon Mitral Contour System and MitraClip in patients with aFMR. The results showed similar procedural success and complication rates in both treatment groups. Both groups also showed improvement in New York Heart Association classification after 3 and 12 months of follow-up. However, the MitraClip group demonstrated a more significant reduction in echocardiographic FMR parameters. In addition, the Carillon group showed a significant reduction in left atrial volume after 12 months, while no remodeling was found in the MitraClip group.

CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Restoring Sinus Rhythm Reverses Cardiac Remodeling and Reduces Valvular Regurgitation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Laurie Soulat-Dufour et al.

Summary: Restoration of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation patients can improve cardiac cavity remodeling and functional regurgitation, reducing the severity of regurgitation.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Surgery

Surgical strategy and outcomes for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: All functional mitral regurgitation is not the same!

Catherine M. Wagner et al.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mitral Annular Dynamics in AF Versus Sinus Rhythm Novel Insights Into the Mechanism of AFMR

Sebastien Deferm et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate mitral annular dynamics in atrial fibrillation (AF) and after sinus rhythm restoration and explore the relationship between annular dynamics and mitral regurgitation (MR). The study revealed that mitral annular dynamics were impaired during AF but gradually recovered after sinus rhythm restoration. Improved annular dynamics played a role in decreasing the severity of AFMR by optimizing annular-leaflet imbalance.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Tricuspid and mitral remodelling in atrial fibrillation: a three-dimensional echocardiographic study

Xochitl A. Ortiz-Leon et al.

Summary: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) show dilation of both tricuspid annulus (TA) and mitral annulus (MA), with a greater association between AF and TA dilation in patients with normal left ventricular function and similar dilation of TA and MA in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Geometric differences of the mitral valve apparatus in atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation

Anna Reid et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the differences between atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in terms of LV and mitral valve geometry and function. The results showed significant differences between these two types of FMR, highlighting the need to consider them as separate disease entities.

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Influence of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation

Masaharu Masuda et al.

Summary: The study compared the impact of catheter ablation on cardiac structural reverse remodelling and atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation, finding similar improvements in MR after ablation in AFMR and VFMR patients. However, AFMR patients showed a greater decrease in left atrial volume after ablation, while VFMR patients showed a greater increase in LV ejection fraction. Long-term prognosis indicated a lower composite endpoint in the AFMR group compared to the VFMR group, with MR improvement patients demonstrating a lower composite endpoint compared to those without improvement.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mitral valve surgery for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: predicting recurrent mitral regurgitation and mid-term outcome

Naonori Kawamoto et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mid-term outcomes and risk factors for recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) undergoing mitral valve (MV) surgery. The results showed that patients who underwent MV repair had acceptable mid-term outcomes, while MV replacement did not improve the mid-term outcomes. Partial band annuloplasty was found to be an independent predictor for recurrent MR after MV repair.

GENERAL THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair in Patients With Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Philipp Doldi et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the outcome of patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (aFMR) undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER). The results showed that M-TEER effectively improved symptoms and resulted in a high 2-year survival rate for aFMR patients. Advanced heart failure symptoms and right ventricular dysfunction were identified as important risk factors for the prognosis of aFMR patients.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Diagnosis-to-ablation time predicts recurrent atrial fibrillation and rehospitalization following catheter ablation

Derek S. Chew et al.

Summary: The duration between AF diagnosis and catheter ablation is associated with higher AF recurrence rates and all-cause hospitalization.

HEART RHYTHM O2 (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Left atrial strain and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after thoracoscopic surgical ablation: a subanalysis of the AFACT study

Sarah W. E. Baalman et al.

Summary: Assessment of left atrial strain parameters using transthoracic echocardiography can predict atrial fibrillation recurrence after thoracoscopic surgical ablation. Left atrial strain can aid in selecting appropriate surgical candidates.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Anatomic and Functional Determinants of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Milad Matta et al.

Summary: This study found that patients with significant AFMR have distinct anatomical and functional characteristics, including larger atrial and annular dimensions, insufficient compensatory leaflet growth, a shallower posterior leaflet angle, lower atrial and ventricular strains, and shorter deceleration and isovolumetric relaxation times. Additionally, they exhibit higher estimated right ventricular systolic pressure and more concomitant tricuspid regurgitation.

STRUCTURAL HEART-THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Is mitral annuloplasty an effective treatment for severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation?

Davide Carino et al.

Summary: Comparing the surgical outcomes between patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation and those with secondary mitral regurgitation, isolated ring annuloplasty appears to be a more effective and durable treatment option for the former group. Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up is needed to confirm these findings.

JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The Pathophysiological Link between Right Atrial Remodeling and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Study

Andrada C. Guta et al.

Summary: This study compared tricuspid annulus size and function in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and healthy subjects, finding that right atrial dilation was more important than right ventricle dilation in determining tricuspid annulus enlargement and severity of functional tricuspid regurgitation. The minimum volume of the right atrium and tricuspid annulus area were identified as independent predictors of FTR severity in AF patients. The study highlights the importance of right atrial size and function in understanding the pathophysiological determinants of tricuspid regurgitation in AF patients.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve repair in atrial functional mitral regurgitation

Tomas Benito-Gonzalez et al.

Summary: After TMVR with MitraClip treatment for AFMR patients, there was a significant reduction in the severity of AFMR, which persisted at 12 months. AFMR patients showed a significant improvement in heart function post operation, and had lower rates of readmission and mortality within the first year.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on cardiac disorders in patients with coexisting heart failure

Tetsuma Kawaji et al.

Summary: In patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with coexisting heart failure, all cardiac disorders showed significant improvement after the procedure and most of these improvements were maintained during the 5-year follow-up period.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Repair in Patients With Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Jun Yoshida et al.

Summary: This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcomes of patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) who underwent the MitraClip procedure compared with those with conventional FMR and sinus rhythm (SR). The reduction of MR in atrial-FMR patients was likely due to an increase in leaflet coaptation area. Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was more common after the MitraClip procedure in patients with atrial-FMR than with sinus-FMR, but mid-term outcomes were comparable between the two groups.

CIRCULATION JOURNAL (2021)

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Correction Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2020 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines (vol 77, pg e25, 2021)

Otto

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Implications of Atrial Fibrillation on the Mechanisms of Mitral Regurgitation and Response to MitraClip in the COAPT Trial

Zachary M. Gertz et al.

Summary: In the COAPT trial, patients with a history of AF had larger left atrial and mitral valve orifice areas with higher LV ejection fraction and smaller LV volumes. Despite the worse prognosis of heart failure patients with a history of AF, MR reduction with the MitraClip still afforded substantial clinical benefits. Treatment with MitraClip was associated with a lower risk of stroke in patients with a history of AF.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS (2021)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Atrial Secondary Mitral Regurgitation Often Overlooked, But Never Forgotten

Patrizio Lancellotti et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Surgical considerations for atrial functional regurgitation of the mitral and tricuspid valves based on the etiological mechanism

Toshihiko Shibata et al.

Summary: Atrial functional mitral regurgitation is a distinct condition from ventricular functional mitral regurgitation, with surgical indications yet to be well established. Most cases can be treated with mitral annuloplasty alone, but advanced cases may require additional procedures. Chronic atrial fibrillation leads to atrial enlargement, and integrated surgical management is necessary for both mitral and tricuspid valve conditions.

GENERAL THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Outcome and durability of mitral valve annuloplasty in atrial secondary mitral regurgitation

Sebastien Deferm et al.

Summary: In comparing surgical outcomes and repair durability between patients with ASMR and VSMR, ASMR patients have a lower recurrence rate of moderate MR and better overall survival.

HEART (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The anatomic substrate of mitral annular contraction

Jeffrey J. Silbiger et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Outcomes and predictors of cardiac events in medically treated patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation

Kitae Kim et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Utility of Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography for Mitral Annular Sizing in Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement Procedures: A Cardiac Computed Tomographic Comparative Study

Augustin Coisne et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

JCS/JSCS/JATS/JSVS 2020 Guidelines on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease

Chisato Izumi et al.

CIRCULATION JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Tricuspid valve geometry and right heart remodelling: insights into the mechanism of atrial functional tricuspid regurgitation

Hiroto Utsunomiya et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Paulus Kirchhof et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mitral Valve Repair of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Zsuzsanna Balogh et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

RESEARCH CORRESPONDENCE Percutaneous Coronary Sinus-Based Mitral Valve Annuloplasty in Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Dennis Rottlaender et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Jin-Tao Wu et al.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Severe Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Oltion Mesi et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2020)

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Article Oncology

Mitral valve repair and surgical ablation for atrial functional mitral regurgitation

Jinmiao Chen et al.

ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mitral Valve Adaptation to Isolated Annular Dilation Insights Into the Mechanism of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Dae-Hee Kim et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Atrial functional tricuspid regurgitation: An underappreciated cause of secondary tricuspid regurgitation

Jeffrey J. Silbiger

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Causes and mechanisms of isolated mitral regurgitation in the community: clinical context and outcome

Volha Dziadzko et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2019)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation JACC Review Topic of the Week

Sebastien Deferm et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mechanistic insights into atrial functional mitral regurgitation: Far more complicated than just left atrial remodeling

Jeffrey J. Silbiger

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mitral Annular and Left Ventricular Dynamics in Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A Three-Dimensional and Speckle-Tracking Echocardiographic Study

Zhe Tang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2019)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Isolated tricuspid regurgitation: outcomes and therapeutic interventions

Erin A. Fender et al.

HEART (2018)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Functional Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation Despite Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Yukio Abe et al.

CIRCULATION JOURNAL (2018)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The Cardioband transcatheter annular reduction system

Matthew Miller et al.

ANNALS OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY (2018)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Actual management and prognosis of severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation associated with atrial fibrillation without structural heart disease

Yusuke Takahashi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Losartan on Mitral Valve Changes After Myocardial Infarction

Philipp E. Bartko et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

National Trends and Outcomes in Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery

Chad J. Zack et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation Caused by Chronic Atrial Fibrillation: A Real-Time 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Study

Hiroto Utsunomiya et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Insufficient Leaflet Remodeling in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Association With the Severity of Mitral Regurgitation

Nobuyuki Kagiyama et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Tricuspid Regurgitation and Mortality in Patients With Transvenous Permanent Pacemaker Leads

Francesca N. Delling et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Novel Mechanistic Insights Into Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation-3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Study

Tomoko Machino-Ohtsuka et al.

CIRCULATION JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Compared With Computed Tomography to Determine Mitral Annulus Size Before Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation

George J. Mak et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2016)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Atrial Fibrillation Vicious Twins

Dipak Kotecha et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging

Sherif F. Nagueh et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation A Need to Revise Our Understanding

Gilles D. Dreyfus et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2015)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mitral valve repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation

Yosuke Takahashi et al.

INTERACTIVE CARDIOVASCULAR AND THORACIC SURGERY (2015)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Normal mitral annulus dynamics and its relationships with left ventricular and left atrial function

Sorina Mihaila et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2015)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Does Left Atrial Enlargement Contribute to Mitral Leaflet Tethering in Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation? Proposed Role of Atriogenic Leaflet Tethering

Jeffrey J. Silbiger

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Atrial Tissue Fibrosis Identified by Delayed Enhancement MRI and Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation The DECAAF Study

Nassir F. Marrouche et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2014)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efficacy, Safety, and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Tomoko Machino-Ohtsuka et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2013)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Novel Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Structural Adaptations in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Jeffrey J. Silbiger

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2013)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mild-to-moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery

Sun Kyun Ro et al.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2013)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Clinical Context and Mechanism of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension

Yan Topilsky et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2012)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pathological Healing Response of Explanted MitraClip Devices

Elena Ladich et al.

CIRCULATION (2011)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Evidence of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation Due to Atrial Fibrillation Reversal With Arrhythmia Control

Zachary M. Gertz et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2011)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Left Atrial Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Daniel A. Morris et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2011)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mechanistic Insights into Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Echocardiographic and Surgical Implications

Jeffrey J. Silbiger

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2011)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

What size of left atrium significantly impairs the success of maze surgery for atrial fibrillation?

Nicholas Sunderland et al.

INTERACTIVE CARDIOVASCULAR AND THORACIC SURGERY (2011)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Left Atrial Strain and Strain Rate in Patients With Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Relationship to Left Atrial Structural Remodeling Detected by Delayed-Enhancement MRI

Suman S. Kuppahally et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2010)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Contemporary insights into the functional anatomy of the mitral valve

Jeffrey J. Silbiger et al.

AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL (2009)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Active Adaptation of the Tethered Mitral Valve Insights Into a Compensatory Mechanism for Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Jacob P. Dal-Bianco et al.

CIRCULATION (2009)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Mitral regurgitation

Maurice Enriquez-Sarano et al.

LANCET (2009)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of tricuspid regurgitation on long-term survival

J Nath et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2004)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart valve development - Endothelial cell signaling and differentiation

EJ Armstrong et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2004)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Medical and surgical outcome of tricuspid regurgitation caused by flail leaflets

D Messika-Zeitoun et al.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2004)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mechanism of higher incidence of ischemic mitral, regurgitation in patients with inferior myocardial infarction: Quantitative analysis of left ventricular and, mitral valve geometry in 103 patients with prior myocardial infarction

T Kumanohoso et al.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2003)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of annular shape on leaflet curvature in reducing mitral leaflet stress

IS Salgo et al.

CIRCULATION (2002)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Analysis of shape and motion of the mitral annulus in subjects with and without cardiomyopathy by echocardiographic 3-dimensional reconstruction

FA Flachskampf et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (2000)

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Pathophysiology, Echocardiographic Diagnosis, and Treatment of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation

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