Chronic cannabis use affects cerebellum dependent visuomotor adaptation

Background: Cannabis is one of the most commonly used substances in the world. However, its effects on human cognition are not yet fully understood. Although the cerebellum has the highest density of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) in the human brain, literature on how cannabis use affects cerebellar-dependent learning is sparse. This study examined the effect of chronic cannabis use on sensorimotor adaptation, a cerebellar-mediated task, which has been suggested to depend on endocannabinoid signaling. Methods: Chronic cannabis users (n = 27) with no psychiatric comorbidities and healthy, cannabis-naive controls (n = 25) were evaluated using a visuomotor rotation task. Cannabis users were re-tested after 1 month of abstinence (n = 13) to assess whether initial differences in performance would persist after cessation of use. Results: Cannabis users showed lower adaptation rates compared to controls at the first time point. However, this difference in performance did not persist when participants were retested after one month of abstinence (n = 13). Healthy controls showed attenuated implicit learning in the late phase of the adaptation during re-exposure, which was not present in cannabis users. This explains the lack of between group differences in the second time point and suggests a potential alteration of synaptic plasticity required for cerebellar learning in cannabis users. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that chronic cannabis users show alterations in sensorimotor adaptation, likely due to a saturation of the endocannabinoid system after chronic cannabis use.

Automated summary

This study found that chronic cannabis users showed differences in sensorimotor adaptation, with lower adaptation rates compared to non-users. However, these differences disappeared after a period of abstinence. Furthermore, cannabis users did not show the attenuated implicit learning in the late phase of adaptation observed in the control group. This suggests a potential alteration of synaptic plasticity required for cerebellar learning in cannabis users.