Flexible and wearable fuel cells: A review of configurations and applications

Deformable energy devices play a crucial role in flexible and wearable electronics. Currently, deformable energy storage devices demonstrate deficiencies, forcing flexible and wearable electronics to be unable to be further applied on a large scale. Flexible fuel cells are a powerful alternative to solve the low energy density of current flexible energy storage devices. However, flexible fuel cells still have considerable problems, such as low power density, fuel storage issues, etc. In this paper, primary strategies of configurations at the device level are reviewed that have been successfully employed to fabricate flexible and wearable fuel cells. Besides, their future applications are also discussed. This paper will contribute to developing flexible and wearable fuel cells by comprehensively understanding their current strategies and further research directions.

Automated summary

This paper reviews the primary configuration strategies for fabricating flexible and wearable fuel cells and discusses their future applications. It aims to contribute to the development of flexible and wearable fuel cells by comprehensively understanding the current strategies and further research directions.