Multi-cationic molten salt electrolyte of high-performance sodium liquid metal battery for grid storage

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Low-Temperature and High-Energy-Density Li-Based Liquid Metal Batteries Based on LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Electrolyte

Kaixuan Cui et al.

Summary: A new LiCl-KCl electrolyte and Sb-Bi-Sn (Pb) positive electrode is reported to lower the operating temperature and achieve high energy density of Li-based liquid metal batteries (LMBs).

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Cell voltage model for Li-Bi liquid metal batteries

Norbert Weber et al.

Summary: A quasi one-dimensional cell voltage model for lithium-bismuth bimetallic cells is presented in this paper. The equilibrium cell potential is obtained through a complex two-dimensional fit and the ohmic potential drop across the electrolyte is described using analytical and fit functions. The mass transport overpotentials originating from the alloying of Li into Bi are also modeled. The applicability and limitations of the model are demonstrated in three different experimental settings.

APPLIED ENERGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

A sodium liquid metal battery based on the multi-cationic electrolyte for grid energy storage

Hao Zhou et al.

Summary: Sodium-based liquid metal batteries offer advantages of low cost, long lifespan, and high safety. However, the dissolution of sodium in the electrolyte causes self-discharge and low coulombic efficiency. By using a specialized electrolyte and active material, the performance and utilization of sodium-based liquid metal batteries can be improved.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Anode reaction mechanisms of Na|NaCl-CaCl2|Zn liquid metal battery

Fang Zhang et al.

Summary: NaCl-CaCl2-Zn liquid metal battery is a promising energy storage system for power grids. The anode reactions were deduced and validated using FactSage thermochemical software. It was found that the discharge of Na and Ca led to the formation of Ca-Zn intermetallic compounds, and the extraction of Ca was responsible for the multiple discharge plateaus. The charging product consists of electrochemical double liquid metal layers.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid metal batteries for future energy storage

Shilin Zhang et al.

Summary: The search for alternatives to traditional Li-ion batteries has led to the development of rechargeable liquid metal batteries, which operate at room or intermediate temperatures to address challenges related to high temperature operation, corrosive reactions, and hermetic sealing. These new paradigms aim to overcome drawbacks of conventional liquid metal batteries and enable both conventional and new functionalities by applying alternative electrodes, manipulating electrolyte design concepts, and engineering electrode-electrolyte interfaces.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical