A comprehensive continuum theory of structured liquids

We develop a comprehensive continuum model capable of treating both electrostatic and structural interactions in liquid dielectrics. Starting from a two-order parameter description in terms of charge density and polarization, we derive a field-theoretic model generalizing previous theories. Our theory explicitly includes electrostatic and structural interactions in the bulk of the liquid and allows for polarization charges within a Drude model. In particular we provide a detailed description of the boundary conditions which include the charge regulation mechanism and surface polarization, which is explained both in general terms and analyzed for an exemplary model case. Future applications of our theory to predict and validate experimental results are outlined.

Automated summary

We present a comprehensive continuum model that can handle both electrostatic and structural interactions in liquid dielectrics. Using a two-order parameter description based on charge density and polarization, we derive a field-theoretic model that generalizes previous theories. Our theory explicitly includes electrostatic and structural interactions in the bulk of the liquid and allows for polarization charges within a Drude model. We provide a detailed description of the boundary conditions, including the charge regulation mechanism and surface polarization, and analyze an exemplary model case. Future applications for predicting and validating experimental results are outlined.