Expression of trefoil factor 2 and 3 and adrenomedullin in chronic periodontitis subjects with coronary heart disease

BackgroundThe current study aims to determine the expression of trefoil factor 2 (TFF2), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and adrenomedullin (ADM) in salivary samples of periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). MethodologyA total of 75 patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into three groups of 25 patients each: generalized periodontitis (GP) only; GP+CHD; and CHD only. Demographic, periodontal, and cardiac parameters were recorded, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected and analyzed for the expression of TFF2, TFF3, and ADM. ResultsAmong the demographic variables, the means for age, weight, and body mass index were significantly different between the groups on statistical analysis. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the expression of TFF2 were highest in the GP+CHD group, and ADM was highest in the CHD group, with P values of < 0.01 as compared to the other groups. TFF2, TFF3, and ADM were also correlated with the demographic and periodontal parameters. ConclusionsThe study demonstrates significantly elevated levels of TFF2 in CHD and GP patients, and a higher expression of ADM in CHD patients only, suggesting the possibility of an underlying inflammatory mechanism.

Automated summary

This study examined the expression of three factors in saliva samples of periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). The results showed that the expression of TFF2 was highest in patients with GP+CHD, and ADM was highest in CHD patients only. Additionally, TFF2, TFF3, and ADM were correlated with demographic and periodontal parameters. The study suggests the presence of an underlying inflammatory mechanism.