FoxO3 and oxidative stress: a multifaceted role in cellular adaptation

Oxidative stress is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human health and disease. In this review, we focus on the Forkhead Box (Fox) subclass O3 (FoxO3), an extensively studied transcription factor that plays a pleiotropic role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes by regulating multiple gene regulatory networks involved in the modulation of numerous aspects of cellular metabolism, including fuel metabolism, cell death, and stress resistance. This review will also focus on regulatory mechanisms of FoxO3 expression and activity, such as crucial post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. Moreover, this work discusses and evidences some pathways to how this transcription factor and reactive oxygen species regulate each other, which may lead to the pathogenesis of various types of diseases. Therefore, in addition to being a promising therapeutic target, the FoxO3-regulated signaling pathways can also be used as reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and indicators for drug responsiveness.

Automated summary

This review highlights the importance of oxidative stress in human health and disease, focusing on the extensively studied transcription factor FoxO3, which plays a vital role in regulating gene networks involved in cellular metabolism, cell death, and stress resistance. The review also discusses the regulatory mechanisms of FoxO3 expression and activity, such as post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. Additionally, the article explores the interaction between FoxO3 and reactive oxygen species, suggesting potential pathogenic mechanisms for various diseases and the utility of FoxO3-regulated signaling pathways as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.