Molecular Determinants of Milk Lactoferrin as a Bioactive Compound in Early Neurodevelopment and Cognition

Lactoferrin is a sialic acid-rich, iron-binding milk glycoprotein, known to have multifunctional health benefits, including its ability to modulate immune function and facilitate iron absorption, as well as its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions. Human milk contains significantly higher lactoferrin levels than bovine milk at the same stages of lactation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current state of knowledge of lactoferrin as a conditional nutrient for neurodevelopment, neuroprotection, and cognitive function during the period of rapid brain growth.