An ecotoxicological perspective of microplastics released by face masks

The accelerated use, massive disposal, and contamination with face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic have raised new questions regarding their negative impact on the environment emerged. One major concern is whether microplastics (MPs) derived from face masks (FMPs) represent an important ecotoxicological hazard. Here, we discussed the shortcomings, loose ends, and considerations of the current literature investigating the ecotoxicological effects of FMPs on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Overall, there are multiple uncertainties regarding the true impact of FMPs at a certain concentration due to the presence of uncontrolled or unknown degradation products, such as MPs of various size ranges even nano-sized (<1 mu m) and chemical additives. It is apparent that FMPs may induce endocrine-disrupting and behavioral effects in different organisms. However, the results of FMPs should be carefully interpreted, as these cannot be extrapolated at a global scale, by taking into account a number of criteria such as face mask manufacturers, providers, consumer preferences, and type of face masks. Considering these uncertainties, it is still not possible to estimate the contribution of face masks to the already existing MP issue.

Automated summary

The increased use, disposal, and contamination of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic have raised concerns about the potential negative impact of microplastics derived from face masks on the environment. Current research on the ecotoxicological effects of these microplastics on aquatic and terrestrial organisms has several uncertainties and limitations, making it difficult to accurately assess their true impact. However, there is evidence to suggest that face mask microplastics may have endocrine-disrupting and behavioral effects on organisms, but these results cannot be widely extrapolated due to various factors such as face mask manufacturers, providers, consumer preferences, and mask types.