An avant-garde of carbon-doped photoanode materials on photo-electrochemical water splitting performance: A review

Green hydrogen is the fuel of the future and it becomes a booming topic around the world recently as its consideration as a promising environmentally pleasant electricity provider for changing conventional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells efficiently convert sun illumination at once to inexperienced H2 gasoline with the aid of using PEC water splitting. As visible-light-responsive photoanodes, carbon-doped materials substances have been attracting great interest current years because of their tremendous photocatalytic activity, attractive electronic band structure, excessive physicochemical stability, and huge applications. The photocatalytic efficiency of carbon-doped materials concerning H2 production from water splitting relies upon the separation and transport efficiency of the photogenerated charge carriers. This review consists of bibliometric analysis and state-of-the-art carbon-doped materials as photoanode towards the performance of PEC water splitting. It covers the performance of various carbon-doped photoanodes, functionalization of carbon materials, heterojunction mechanism on developed carbon-doped materials, and cell design aspect of PEC reactor.

Automated summary

Green hydrogen as a promising environmentally friendly electricity provider has become a hot topic worldwide, as it is considered to replace conventional fossil fuels. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells efficiently convert sunlight into green H2 fuel through PEC water splitting, with carbon-doped materials attracting great interest due to their excellent photocatalytic activity and wide applications. The efficiency of carbon-doped materials in H2 production relies on the separation and transport efficiency of charge carriers. This review summarizes the recent research on carbon-doped materials as photoanodes for PEC water splitting, including their performance, functionalization, heterojunction mechanism, and cell design.