4.6 Review

How statin drugs affect exosomes?

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The role of exosomal miRNA in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ali Mahmoudi et al.

Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a significant portion of the population and is associated with other metabolic diseases. Current diagnostic methods for NAFLD are invasive or lack accuracy, and monitoring the response to treatment is challenging. Exosomes, nano-scaled extracellular vesicles, have the potential to be used for diagnosis and therapeutics in liver diseases, including NAFLD. They play a vital role in cell-cell communication and mediate miRNAs, which can be used as biomarkers for NAFLD.

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Effects of statins on the biological features of mesenchymal stem cells and therapeutic implications

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Summary: In this review, the impact of statins on mesenchymal stem cell behaviors and the molecular pathways responsible for such effects are discussed, emphasizing the potential benefits of the pleiotropic effects of statins on cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. Furthermore, different systems for local delivery of statins are also reviewed in order to maintain a sufficient dose of active statins at the desired site of the body.

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Anti-inflammatory Action of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease: the Role of Inflammasome and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways

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Summary: Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease where statin medications are one of the most effective treatments. Recent studies show that statins not only lower lipid levels, but also have inhibitory and stimulatory effects on inflammasomes and toll-like receptors. The contradictory effects of different statins are related to factors such as dosage, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and danger signals.

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Increased exosome secretion in neurons aging in vitro by NPC1-mediated endosomal cholesterol buildup

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The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular signalling

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Targeting AMPK by Statins: A Potential Therapeutic Approach

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Summary: Statins, a group of lipid-lowering drugs, have been shown to regulate multiple proteins associated with different cellular pathways, including the 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which plays a significant role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Statins can affect the AMPK pathway in various physiological and pathological ways, resulting in therapeutic effects on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and other conditions.
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Emerging Non-statin Treatment Options for Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

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Summary: This narrative review discusses the role of ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, BDA, and inclisiran in therapy, and describes their relative pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, efficacy and safety as monotherapy and combination therapy, as well as the cardiovascular benefits when used for hypercholesterolemia.

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Statins as anti-pyroptotic agents

Masoomeh Khalifeh et al.

Summary: Pyroptosis is a regulated form of cell death that enhances innate immunity, but excessive pyroptosis can lead to inflammation and tissue damage. Recent reports suggest that statins may modulate pyroptosis and potentially target it in different diseases.

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The role of lipids in exosome biology and intercellular communication: Function, analytics and applications

Javier Donoso-Quezada et al.

Summary: Exosomes are important extracellular vesicles with compositions related to the progression of various diseases. Lipids, as crucial components of exosomes, play significant roles in exosome biology and intercellular communication. Exosome lipidomics is an emerging discipline that offers insights into the discovery of new lipid species for biomedical applications.

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Effect of atorvastatin on delirium status of patients in the intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial

Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi et al.

Summary: The study showed that the use of atorvastatin significantly reduced delirium status and increased delirium-free days in ICU patients.

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Statins and C-reactive protein: in silico evidence on direct interaction

Neda Shakour et al.

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Statins and the COVID-19 main protease: in silico evidence on direct interaction

Zeljko Reiner et al.

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Simvastatin Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis via Regulation of Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosome Secretion

Hsuan-Fu Kuo et al.

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Statins and the Brain: More than Lipid Lowering Agents?

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Effect of statins on atherosclerotic plaque

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Statin therapy reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentrations: A meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials

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Association between statin use and plasma D-dimer levels

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Exosome Uptake Depends on ERK1/2-Heat Shock Protein 27 Signaling and Lipid Raft-mediated Endocytosis Negatively Regulated by Caveolin-1

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Statins in Unconventional Secretion of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme and Degradation of the Amyloid-β Peptide

Konstantin Glebov et al.

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Simvastatin Therapy Reduces Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial

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