Oxalate in Plants: Metabolism, Function, Regulation, and Application

Characterized by strong acidity, chelating ability, and reducing ability, oxalic acid, a low molecular weight dicarboxylic organic acid, plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, the response to both biotic and abiotic stresses such as plant defense and heavy metals detoxification, and food quality. The metabolism of oxalic acid has been well-studied in microorganisms, fungi, and animals but remains less understood in plants. However, excessive accumulation of oxalic acid is detrimental to plants. Therefore, the level of oxalic acid has to be precisely controlled in plant tissues. In this review, we summarize the metabolism, function, and regulation of oxalic acid in plants, and we discuss solutions such as agricultural practices and plant biotechnology to manipulate oxalic acid metabolism to regulate plant responses to both external stimuli and internal developmental cues.

Automated summary

Oxalic acid, a low molecular weight organic acid, plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as response to stresses. While its metabolism is well-studied in microorganisms, fungi, and animals, it remains less understood in plants. Excessive accumulation of oxalic acid is harmful to plants, thus precise control of its level is necessary. This review summarizes the metabolism, function, and regulation of oxalic acid in plants and discusses solutions to manipulate its metabolism for regulating plant responses.