Abnormal dynamic functional network connectivity in first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder

Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) could capture temporal features of spontaneous brain activity during MRI scanning, and it might be a powerful tool to examine functional brain network alters in major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study investigated the changes in temporal properties of dFNC of first -episode, drug-naive patients with MDD. A total of 48 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and 46 age-and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Sliding windows were implied to construct dFNC. We assessed the relationships between altered dFNC temporal properties and depressive symptoms. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to examine the diagnostic performance of these altered temporal properties. The results showed that patients with MDD have more occurrences and spent more time in a weak connection state, but with fewer occurrences and shorter dwell time in a strong connection state. Impor-tantly, the fractional time and mean dwell time of state 2 was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that these temporal properties have great iden-tified power including the fractional time and mean dwell time in state 2, and the AUC is 0.872, 0.837, respectively. The AUC of the combination of fractional time and mean dwell time in state 2 with age, gender is 0.881. Our results indicated the temporal properties of dFNC are altered in first-episode, drug-naive patients with MDD, and these changes' properties could serve as a potential biomarker in MDD.

Automated summary

This study investigated the changes in temporal properties of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) in first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The results showed that these changes in temporal properties could serve as potential biomarkers for MDD, with good diagnostic performance.