Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment

Article Clinical Neurology

Rapid olfactory decline during aging predicts dementia and GMV loss in AD brain regions

Rachel R. Pacyna et al.

Summary: Rapid olfactory decline during normal cognition predicts subsequent cognitive impairment, dementia, and smaller gray matter volumes in the brain. This measurement has the potential to be a simple biomarker for early detection of AD.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2023)

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Review Neurosciences

Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: new insights into the underlying mechanisms

Rafal Butowt et al.

Summary: The precise mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 are still unclear. This review explores potential mechanisms including the death of support cells, altered composition of mucus, and retraction of cilia on olfactory receptor neurons. The most plausible explanation is the lack of glucose in the mucus, derived from support cells, which powers olfactory signal transduction within the cilia.

TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Anosmia, mild cognitive impairment, and biomarkers of brain aging in older adults

Yi Dong et al.

Summary: Olfactory impairment is significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment, possibly due to cerebral neurodegenerative and microvascular lesions.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2023)

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Review Physiology

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE BIOLOGICAL MEDIATORS OF FAT TASTE AND SMELL

Rosario B. Jaime-Lara et al.

Summary: This systematic review summarizes emerging evidence examining the biological mechanisms of fat taste and smell. The existing literature suggests that proteins such as CD36 and GPR120 play important roles in fat chemosensation. Additionally, neural circuits, key brain regions, ingestive cues, postingestive signals, and genetic polymorphism are discussed in relation to fat perception and consumption.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2023)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

A potential biomarker of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: The olfactory dysfunction and its pathogenesis-based neural circuitry impairments

Yan Yan et al.

Summary: Olfactory dysfunction may serve as a potential biomarker of preclinical AD, but the precise regulatory mechanism of its impact on AD neuropathogenesis remains unclear. Impairment of neural networks in the olfaction system is closely associated with AD, particularly in the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. This review explores the mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in preclinical AD by studying aberrant oscillations and synaptic plasticity damages, providing insight into the underlying mechanism of olfactory neural network damages related to AD.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Long-Term Subjective and Objective Assessment of Smell and Taste in COVID-19

Andrea Ciofalo et al.

Summary: Olfactory-gustatory deficit is one of the first symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and in most cases, recovery occurs after four weeks.

CELLS (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Olfactory Dysfunction Associated with Cognitive Decline in an Elderly Population

Majed Alotaibi et al.

Summary: This study found that olfactory dysfunction and deficits in olfactory memory are common in the elderly, and there is a correlation between olfactory function and cognitive impairment, especially in women who smoke. The results suggest that olfactory dysfunction may predict cognitive decline and highlight the importance of olfactory training for seniors to improve their sense of smell and overall well-being.

EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Gerontology

Olfactory stimulation for people with dementia: A rapid review

Federica D'Andrea et al.

Summary: There is a growing interest in using olfactory stimulation in dementia care. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using olfactory stimulation for people with dementia and assess the effects of different types of odours and administration methods. The review found mixed results on the benefits of olfactory stimulation on responsive behaviours and cognitive function, but encouraging results regarding increased sleep duration, food intake and improved balance. However, due to the low to moderate quality of studies included and the broad range of approaches used, it was not possible to draw an overall conclusion. Further high-quality mixed method studies are needed to clarify the effects of olfactory stimuli and other factors that may influence the responses of people with dementia.

DEMENTIA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Training with Odors Impacts Hippocampal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Antje Haehner et al.

Summary: Olfactory training has a positive effect on olfactory and cognitive function in MCI patients by increasing cortical thickness of the hippocampus, suggesting it as an effective intervention in preventing hippocampal atrophy.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Research progress in the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

LinLin Xie et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the pathogenesis and prodromal manifestations of Parkinson's disease, discusses the diagnostic challenges, and explores the application of emerging neuroimaging technologies.

NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Olfactory swab sampling optimization for α-synuclein aggregate detection in patients with Parkinson's disease

Matilde Bongianni et al.

Summary: This study found that nasal swab testing performed at the agger nasi significantly increased the sensitivity of real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) detection of pathological alpha-synuclein in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study also observed the presence of alpha-synuclein and phospho-alpha-synuclein deposits in nasal swabs from PD patients.

TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION (2022)

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Article

Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease

Israel Saramago et al.

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Smell tests to distinguish Parkinson's disease from other neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cintia C. G. Alonso et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that smell tests are able to distinguish PD patients from individuals with other neurological disorders, such as progressive supranuclear palsy and essential tremor, but not with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

EXPERT REVIEW OF NEUROTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Olfactory Impairment Is Related to Tau Pathology and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease

Julia Klein et al.

Summary: Olfactory identification deficits are closely related to the extent of tau pathology and neuroinflammation, particularly in patients with amyloid pathophysiology. Amyloid positivity and cognitive status have independent effects on UPSIT performance. Low UPSIT performance may be a marker for AD pathophysiology in cognitively normal individuals.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

SCENTinel 1.0: Development of a Rapid Test to Screen for Smell Loss

Valentina Parma et al.

Summary: The SCENTinel 1.0 test, which evaluates olfactory functions rapidly, shows excellent performance in normosmic individuals and can accurately discriminate individuals with smell loss, potentially useful in clinical situations such as COVID-19 symptom screening.

CHEMICAL SENSES (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases

Xiuli Dan et al.

Summary: This study explores alterations in olfactory functions as early biomarkers for neurodegeneration, particularly in early-stage Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Implementing early treatment to postpone or avert pathological development is crucial for these diseases.

AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Population estimate of people with clinical Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in the United States (2020-2060)

Kumar B. Rajan et al.

Summary: This study estimated the prevalence of clinical Alzheimer's disease in 2020 and projected future increases, finding a more significant growth among Hispanics and Blacks.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Beyond Olfaction: Beneficial Effects of Olfactory Training Extend to Aging-Related Cognitive Decline

A. Oleszkiewicz et al.

Summary: The study found that simple olfactory training has beneficial effects on cognitive assessment, cognitive decline symptoms, and olfactory sensitivity, which can be adapted from otorhinolaryngological practice to support neurocognitive research and the aging process related to cognition.

BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Effects of olfactory stimulation on cognitive function and behavior problems in older adults with dementia: A systematic literature review

Hyegyeong Cha et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of olfactory stimulation on both cognitive and behavioral symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases. Seven original articles were selected, indicating that although olfactory stimulation has reported various effects on behavioral and psychological symptoms, standardization and more attention are still needed.

GERIATRIC NURSING (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A novel olfactory threshold test for screening cognitive decline among elderly people

Sun Mi Kim et al.

Summary: The study introduced a novel olfactory threshold test called Sniff Bubble to aid in identifying cognitive decline in elderly individuals. Through K-means cluster analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the most appropriate cut-off score was determined, demonstrating that the Sniff Bubble test can effectively detect cognitive decline in elderly people.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Volumetry of Olfactory Structures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

Benoit Jobin et al.

Summary: The study found that the olfactory bulbs were smaller in AD and MCI patients compared to controls, along with a trend for smaller primary olfactory cortex in patients with AD or MCI compared to controls. Neuroanatomical structures involved in olfactory processing are smaller in AD, and these volumetric reductions could be measured as early as the MCI stage.

BRAIN SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

Olfactory loss and aging: connections with health and well-being

Emily J. Papazian et al.

Summary: Age-related olfactory dysfunction, or presbyosmia, is a common sensory impairment in aging adults, especially in individuals with comorbid conditions or exposure to various insults. Olfactory dysfunction may serve as an early sign of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, impacting nutrition, safety, social relationships, and even mortality.

CHEMICAL SENSES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Olfactory neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease: a sign of ongoing neurodegeneration

Gowoon Son et al.

Summary: Neuropathological research on the olfactory system in Alzheimer's disease suggests that olfactory dysfunction may be an early indicator of the disease, related to amyloid-beta production and neuroinflammation.

BMB REPORTS (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

SCENTinel 1.0: Development of a Rapid Test to Screen for Smell Loss

Valentina Parma et al.

Summary: The SCENTinel 1.0 test, which evaluates three olfactory functions rapidly, demonstrates a high accuracy in discriminating individuals with smell loss. It shows potential for practical clinical applications, including COVID-19 symptom screening.

CHEMICAL SENSES (2021)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

Sex differences in main olfactory system pathways involved in psychosexual function

James A. Cherry et al.

GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Is There a Shared Etiology of Olfactory Impairments in Normal Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease?

Mahraz Parvand et al.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Neurodegeneration-Associated Proteins in Human Olfactory Neurons Collected by Nasal Brushing

Lorenzo Brozzetti et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Olfactory Dysfunction in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease

Bruce A. Chase et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters

Bertrand Bryche et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

The human olfactory system in two proteinopathies: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases

Isabel Ubeda-Banon et al.

TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Olfactory response as a marker for Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from perceptual and frontal lobe oscillation coherence deficit

Mohammad Javad Sedghizadeh et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

Olfactory dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review

Sarah Ellen Carnemolla et al.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Could Early Identification of Changes in Olfactory Function Be an Indicator of Preclinical Neurodegenerative Disease? A Systematic Review

Rikki L. Winchester et al.

NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Olfactory function is associated with cognitive performance: results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study

Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor et al.

ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY (2019)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing

Judith Campisi et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Olfactory dysfunction in the pathophysiological continuum of dementia

Praveen Bathini et al.

AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS (2019)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Olfactory and other sensory impairments in Alzheimer disease

Claire Murphy

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2019)

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Review Allergy

Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Concepcio Marin et al.

CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS (2018)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Olfactory Training in Post-Traumatic Smell Impairment: Mild Improvement in Threshold Performances: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Cristobal Langdon et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases

Nolwen L. Rey et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Overuse of diagnostic tools and medications in acute rhinosinusitis in Spain: a population-based study (the PROSINUS study)

Francesca Jaume et al.

BMJ OPEN (2018)

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Article Cell Biology

Ghrelin Enhances Food Odor Conditioning in Healthy Humans: An fMRI Study

Jung Eun Han et al.

CELL REPORTS (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Odor Identification Screening Improves Diagnostic Classification in Incipient Alzheimer's Disease

Megan Quarmley et al.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2017)

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Article Ophthalmology

Olfactory Training Using Heavy and Light Weight Molecule Odors

Sophia C. Poletti et al.

PERCEPTION (2017)

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Correction Clinical Neurology

Olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: is there a common pathological substrate (vol 16, pg 478, 2017)

R. L. Doty

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Review Neurosciences

Non-motor features of Parkinson disease

Anthony H. V. Schapira et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2017)

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Editorial Material Clinical Neurology

Biomarkers for early detection of Parkinson disease A scent of consistency with olfactory dysfunction

Gene L. Bowman

NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Odor identification as a biomarker of preclinical AD in older adults at risk

Marie-Elyse Lafaille-Magnan et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SMELL-S and SMELL-R: Olfactory tests not influenced by odor-specific insensitivity or prior olfactory experience

Julien W. Hsieh et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Article Psychiatry

Olfactory function in neuropsychiatric disorder

Yusuke Ryo et al.

PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH (2017)

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Review Neurosciences

Olfactory Dysfunction as an Early Biomarker in Parkinson's Disease

Michelle E. Fullard et al.

NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN (2017)

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Review Psychiatry

Olfactory Functioning and Depression: A Systematic Review

Hannah Taalman et al.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: is there a common pathological substrate?

Richard L. Doty

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Validation of olfactory deficit as a biomarker of Alzheimer disease

Matthew R. Woodward et al.

NEUROLOGY-CLINICAL PRACTICE (2017)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

The Association Between Olfaction and Depression: A Systematic Review

Preeti Kohli et al.

CHEMICAL SENSES (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Olfactory dysfunction in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

S. S. S. Orasji et al.

CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY (2016)

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Article Neurosciences

Associations of olfactory bulb and depth of olfactory sulcus with basal ganglia and hippocampus in patients with Parkinson's disease

Nermin Tanik et al.

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS (2016)

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Article Allergy

Allergic rhinitis causes loss of smell in children: The OLFAPEDRIAL study

Cristobal Langdon et al.

PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

New chemosensory component in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): first-year results for measured olfactory dysfunction

Howard J. Hoffman et al.

REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Prevalence and risk factors of taste and smell impairment in a nationwide representative sample of the US population: a cross-sectional study

Gang Liu et al.

BMJ OPEN (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia

Rosebud O. Roberts et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2016)

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Review Otorhinolaryngology

Relation of the volume of the olfactory bulb to psychophysical measures of olfactory function

Patricia Portillo Mazal et al.

EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY (2016)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Changes in Olfactory Bulb Volume in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jia Li et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Body Odor Based Personality Judgments: The Effect of Fragranced Cosmetics

Agnieszka Sorokowska et al.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2016)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Yong-ming Zou et al.

NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Abnormal Olfaction in Parkinson's Disease Is Related to Faster Disease Progression

Sara Cavaco et al.

BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY (2015)

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Review Psychiatry

Smell identification function and Alzheimer's disease: a selective review

Latha Velayudhan

CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY (2015)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Olfaction and Aging: A Mini-Review

Johannes Attems et al.

GERONTOLOGY (2015)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Connectivity of Pathology: The Olfactory System as a Model for Network-Driven Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis

Katherine H. Franks et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Evolution of Prodromal Clinical Markers of Parkinson Disease in a GBA Mutation-Positive Cohort

Michelle Beavan et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Amyloid-Aβ Peptide in Olfactory Mucosa and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Carlos A. Ayala-Grosso et al.

BRAIN PATHOLOGY (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Modulation of Higher-Order Olfaction Components on Executive Functions in Humans

Ana B. Fagundo et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Apathy and Olfactory Dysfunction in Early Parkinson's Disease

Jin Yong Hong et al.

JOURNAL OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2015)

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Article Neurosciences

Olfactory Cortex Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Megha M. Vasavada et al.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Olfactory dysfunction in sporadic Parkinson's Disease and LRRK2 carriers

K. K. Johansen et al.

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA (2014)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Olfactory bulb involvement in neurodegenerative diseases

Johannes Attems et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2014)

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Article Neurosciences

Low specificity and sensitivity of smell identification testing for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

Mayela Rodriguez-Violante et al.

ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA (2014)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Is the Age-Related Loss in Olfactory Sensitivity Similar for Light and Heavy Molecules?

Charlotte Sinding et al.

CHEMICAL SENSES (2014)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Imaging of olfactory bulb and gray matter volumes in brain areas associated with olfactory function in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy

Shun Chen et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Olfactory Bulb: Females Have More Neurons and Glial Cells than Males

Ana V. Oliveira-Pinto et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Humans Can Discriminate More than 1 Trillion Olfactory Stimuli

C. Bushdid et al.

SCIENCE (2014)

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Article Otorhinolaryngology

Risk Factors for Hazardous Events in Olfactory-Impaired Patients

Taylor S. Pence et al.

JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY (2014)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Olfactory identification in LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers: a relevant marker?

Rachel Saunders-Pullman et al.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2014)

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Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

A pleasant familiar odor influences perceived stress and peripheral nervous system activity during normal aging

Pauline Joussain et al.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2014)

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Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Dynamics of autonomic nervous system responses and facial expressions to odors

Wei He et al.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2014)

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Review Psychology, Multidisciplinary

The influences of age on olfaction: a review

Richard L. Doty et al.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2014)

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Article Otorhinolaryngology

Olfactory sensitivity and sexual desire in young adult and elderly men: An introductory investigation

Giancarlo Ottaviano et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY (2013)

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Article Clinical Neurology

In vivo neurochemical imaging of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Nicolaas I. Bohnen et al.

JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION (2013)

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Letter Clinical Neurology

Olfactory impairment in posterior cortical atrophy

Pirada Witoonpanich et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effect of Aging on Hedonic Appreciation of Pleasant and Unpleasant Odors

Pauline Joussain et al.

PLOS ONE (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Olfactory Training in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Antje Haehner et al.

PLOS ONE (2013)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Rate of Conversion from Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease to Alzheimer's Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Alex Ward et al.

DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS EXTRA (2013)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases

Marina Barresi et al.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2012)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Decreased olfactory bulb volume in idiopathic Parkinson's disease detected by 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging

Stefan Brodoehl et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2012)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson disease

Richard L. Doty

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2012)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia based upon biomarkers and neuropsychological test performance

Michael Ewers et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING (2012)

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Article Clinical Neurology

The validity and reliability of the Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) in healthy subjects and in Parkinson's disease patients

Carlo Maremmani et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2012)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Furthering the understanding of olfaction, prevalence of loss of smell and risk factors: a population-based survey (OLFACAT study)

Joaquim Mullol et al.

BMJ OPEN (2012)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Association of Olfactory Bulb Volume and Olfactory Sulcus Depth with Olfactory Function in Patients with Parkinson Disease

J. Wang et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY (2011)

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Article Neuroimaging

Olfactory sulcal depth and olfactory bulb volume in patients with schizophrenia: an MRI study

An D. Nguyen et al.

BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR (2011)

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Article Neurosciences

Synapse Loss in Olfactory Local Interneurons Modifies Perception

Angel Acebes et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2011)

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Article Psychiatry

Odour recognition memory and odour identification in patients with mild and severe major depressive disorders

Gesualdo M. Zucco et al.

PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH (2011)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Olfaction as a biomarker in Parkinson's disease

James F. Morley et al.

BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE (2010)

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Article Neurosciences

Olfactory deficit detected by fMRI in early Alzheimer's disease

Jianli Wang et al.

BRAIN RESEARCH (2010)

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Editorial Material Clinical Neurology

Olfactory system Functional organization and involvement in neurodegenerative disease

Eduardo E. Benarroch

NEUROLOGY (2010)

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Article Neurosciences

Neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory performance

Johannes Frasnelli et al.

EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH (2010)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Olfactory Perception: Receptors, Cells, and Circuits

Chih-Ying Su et al.

CELL (2009)

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Article Neurosciences

Olfactory Impairment Predicts Brain Atrophy in Parkinson's Disease

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Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment

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