Docosahexaenoic Acid-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis in Rats

Being the most common cause of implant failure, peri-implantitis is defined as a pathological condition associated with the occurrence of peri-implant plaque, characterized by peri-implant mucosal inflammation and progressive loss of the supporting bone tissue attributed to the persistence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is a type of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is generally used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. However, a suitable form for dosing and its therapeutic effect on peri-implantitis remain unclear. In this study, a novel nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) loaded with squalene and DHA was fabricated (DHA-loaded NLC). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency values of the DHA-loaded NLC were 78.13% +/- 1.85% and 28.09% +/- 0.48%, respectively. The release of DHA was gradual and steady until 144 h. In addition, the free-radical-scavenging rate of DHA-loaded NLC (0.57 +/- 0.03) was much higher than that of sole DHA (0.17 +/- 0.003). By inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B p65 nuclear translocation, DHA-loaded NLC prevented the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B downstream inflammatory pathways and exerted anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages. Moreover, DHA-loaded NLC showed better effects on preventing alveolar bone resorption of rat peri-implantitis model than sole DHA. Hence, DHA-loaded NLC enhanced the anti-inflammatory bioavailability of DHA, offering a novel approach for the treatment of peri-implantitis.

Automated summary

Peri-implantitis, characterized by peri-implant mucosal inflammation and loss of supporting bone tissue, is the most common cause of implant failure. In this study, a novel nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) loaded with squalene and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (DHA-loaded NLC) was developed. DHA-loaded NLC showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects and better prevention of alveolar bone resorption in a rat peri-implantitis model, providing a new approach for the treatment of peri-implantitis.