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Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joseph D. Challenger et al.
Summary: The relationships between viral load, severity of illness, and transmissibility of the virus are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and developing effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. In this study, a within-host model was used to analyze the viral load dynamics in the upper respiratory tract (URT) based on data from 605 subjects. The study revealed wide variation in URT viral load between individuals, which was not explained by demographic or clinical variables. A mechanistic model was developed to describe viral load dynamics and host response, and it was found that neutralising antibodies were strongly correlated with immune-mediated control of viral load.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jiahui Chen et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused global panic due to its high infectivity and ability to escape vaccines. A comprehensive analysis using an artificial intelligence model and antibody structure analysis reveals that Omicron may be over 10 times more contagious than the original virus and has an 88% likelihood of vaccine escape. This study highlights the importance of developing mutation-proof vaccines and antibodies.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Paul Moss
Summary: T cell immunity plays a central role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, with early responses correlating with protection. T cell memory provides broad recognition of viral proteins, limiting the impact of viral variants and offering protection against severe disease. Current COVID-19 vaccines elicit robust T cell responses, contributing to the prevention of hospitalization or death. Therefore, the importance of T cell immunity may have been underestimated.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria Hall et al.
Summary: This study investigated the duration and effectiveness of immunity among healthcare workers in the United Kingdom. It found that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine provided high short-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but this protection significantly decreased after six months. However, infection-acquired immunity boosted by vaccination remained high, even more than one year after infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Daniele Focosi et al.
Summary: This article discusses the importance of achieving sterilizing immunity through vaccination to prevent the spread of infection from vaccinees, particularly in hospital settings. It also explores the potential implications of sterilizing immunity for animal reservoirs and public health.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jonas Bjork et al.
Summary: The study conducted in Southern Sweden found that the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against COVID-19 was 86% after the second dose, but only 42% after the first dose. Additionally, individuals with a prior positive test had a 91% effectiveness against new infection when unvaccinated.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Padnamba Shenoy et al.
LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter Nordstrom et al.
Summary: This retrospective cohort study investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in individuals who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The study found that natural immunity provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization for up to 20 months. Vaccination further reduced the risk of reinfection and hospitalization for up to 9 months, although the differences in absolute numbers, especially in hospitalizations, were small.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Helene Vaillant-Roussel et al.
EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
D. Mileto et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jianing Yang et al.
Summary: A genotyping RT-LAMP method was designed and validated to specifically detect the Delta variant. By analyzing the amplification efficiency of two sets of primers, a Cq ratio-based RT-LAMP method was developed, which showed 100% accuracy in detecting SARS-CoV-2 clinical samples. The method demonstrated a good ability to distinguish between Delta and non-Delta variants. The study suggests that this rapid, accurate, and cost-effective RT-LAMP method may facilitate COVID-19 surveillance.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Michael W. Russell et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the upper respiratory tract through airborne transmission and induces mucosal immune responses. Injectable vaccines can prevent severe disease but do not induce mucosal immune responses. Intranasal vaccines have the potential to prevent virus acquisition and suppress community spread.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yair Goldberg et al.
Summary: This study used data from the Israeli Ministry of Health database to compare the rate of infection with the time since immunity-confering events. The results showed that the protection against reinfection decreased over time for individuals who had previously been infected or vaccinated, but it was still higher than the protection conferred after the same time had elapsed since the second dose of vaccine among those who were previously uninfected. A single dose of vaccine after infection reinforced protection against reinfection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Micaela Garziano et al.
Summary: Oral mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in preventing and defending against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Research has shown that after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the virus neutralization activity in the oral cavity is significantly lower compared to that in the blood.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prabin Baral et al.
Summary: The surges of the more infectious Delta variant have intensified the health crisis, but current vaccines offer protection against it. However, the Delta variant can evade the immune system to some extent by reducing the receptivity of neutralizing antibodies.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Delphine Sterlin et al.
Summary: The study found that humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are dominated by IgA antibodies, with specific IgA plasmablasts rapidly expanding shortly after symptom onset and peaking in the third week of the disease. Virus-specific antibody responses include IgG, IgM, and IgA, with IgA playing a greater role in virus neutralization compared to IgG.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric H. Y. Lau et al.
Summary: In this study, researchers quantified SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT) assays on 195 patients in different disease states. They found that patients with severe disease had higher peaks of neutralizing antibody titres than patients with mild or asymptomatic infections, and that serum neutralizing antibody persists for over 6 months in most people.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Summary: New variants of SARS-CoV-2 show high resistance to vaccine neutralization, with some able to escape vaccine responses with just a few mutations, highlighting the importance of developing broadly protective measures against variants.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Merryn Voysey et al.
Summary: The AZD1222 vaccine has been approved for emergency use in the UK with an interval of 4-12 weeks between doses. Analysis shows that the vaccine is efficacious with two doses and provides immunoprotection after the first dose before the second dose is administered.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Constantinos Kurt Wibmer et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noa Dagan et al.
Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Immunology
D. Mileto et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that administration of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine can elicit a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response up to 3 months after full vaccination, but no correlation was observed between the quantity of antibodies detected by immunoassays and their neutralizing activity. Most subjects developed a specific T-cell response, and partial immune evasion was consistent in Beta and Delta variants among vaccinated healthcare workers.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kaitlyn A. Barrow et al.
Summary: The study found that heating to 65 degrees Celsius or exposure to UV light can completely inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, in SARS-CoV-2-infected primary AEC cultures, treatment of supernatant with UV light, isolation of RNA with Trizol(R), isolation of protein using a protocol including SDS and Triton X100, and fixation of AECs with formalin and Triton X100 all fully inactivated the virus.
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Hao Xu et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Virology
Niko Kohmer et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biology
Yiska Weisblum et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jasmine Tomar et al.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2018)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fei Su et al.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2016)
Article
Immunology
Frances M. Saccoccio et al.
CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY
(2011)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shizuo Akira
PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY SERIES B-PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2009)
Review
Biology
Yoshihiro Abiko et al.
MEDICAL MOLECULAR MORPHOLOGY
(2007)
Article
Oncology
I Hamming et al.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2004)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
AVN Amerongen et al.
Article
Microbiology
AJM Ligtenberg et al.
ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2000)
