Schizophyllum commune Reduces Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oligonucleotide delivery to antigen presenting cells by using schizophyllan

Shinichi Mochizuki et al.

Summary: Schizophyllan (SPG) can form complexes with homo-polynucleotides and deliver functional oligonucleotides to antigen presenting cells through specific receptor Dectin-1, leading to therapeutic effects and immune responses.

DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS (2022)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Secondary Immunodeficiency Related to Kidney Disease (SIDKD)-Definition, Unmet Need, and Mechanisms

Stefanie Steiger et al.

Summary: Kidney disease is a significant risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 and other infections. Infection is also a common cause of death in patients with kidney disease. Despite this, there is limited understanding and research on the secondary immunodeficiency related to kidney disease (SIDKD). This study aims to raise awareness of SIDKD as a critical unmet medical need, reviewing its epidemiology and discussing the abnormal immunophenotype in kidney disease patients. It proposes a definition for SIDKD and explores the pathogenic mechanisms involved, including the role of FGF23 levels, hyperuricemia, and changes in the secretome of the gut microbiota in kidney disease. The ultimate goal is to develop therapeutics that can improve immune responses and reduce mortality from infections in kidney disease patients.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The interacting physiology of COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Key agents for treatment

Eugenie R. Lumbers et al.

Summary: Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor ACE2 leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response, resulting in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the host response to infection and injury, and disruption of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 leads to tissue damage.

PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Prolonged NHE Activation may be both Cause and Outcome of Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19

Medine Cumhur Cure et al.

Summary: The release of cytokines is increased in critically ill patients with COVID-19, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers cytokine release through various mechanisms, including enhancing angiotensin II levels and stimulating Na+/H+ exchanger. Excessive cytokine release causes pathological problems and facilitates the spread and infection of the virus.

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Schizophyllum commune β-glucan: Effect on interleukin-10 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from periodontopathic bacteria

Chuencheewit Thongsiri et al.

Summary: During this study, the biological effect of Schizophyllan, a beta-glucan from Schizophyllum commune, on IL-10 expression in murine macrophages was investigated. It was found that SPG enhances IL-10 expression by prolonging the nuclear translocation activity of the NF-kappa B alpha pathway induced by LPS, and by stimulating phosphorylation of MSK1 and CREB, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory response in murine macrophages.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Botanical drugs and supplements affecting the immune response in the time of COVID-19: Implications for research and clinical practice

Thomas Brendler et al.

Summary: Botanical drugs and supplements play a significant role in health crisis, offering protection and symptom relief with ample evidence, although controversial efficacy claims are a concern.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The scRNA-seq Expression Profiling of the Receptor ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 Reveals Human Organs Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Jing Qi et al.

Summary: Research highlights that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may invade multiple organs besides the lungs, with gall bladder and fallopian tube being identified as vulnerable to infection. Organs such as the nose, heart, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, brain, testis, and kidney are also at high risk, categorizing the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system as top-risk areas for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Review Immunology

Adenosine at the Interphase of Hypoxia and Inflammation in Lung Injury

Xiangyun Li et al.

Summary: Hypoxia and inflammation frequently coexist in ARDS and chronic lung diseases, with adenosine signaling pathway being a key player in mediating the effects. Therapeutic targeting of adenosine signaling pathway has been discussed as a potential strategy in management of these conditions.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Phytochemicals for the treatment of COVID-19

Erica Espano et al.

Summary: Plants are considered as a potential source of drugs for various diseases, but plant-derived compounds have not been successful in antiviral treatments. This study suggests the use of compounds from vascular plants as potential antivirals, focusing on their potential targets against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Renal Injury by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Mo Wang et al.

Summary: Renal injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a result of multiple factors, with the virus initiating a mechanism of renal injury via highly expressed ACE2 in the renal tissue. Systemic effects such as host immune clearance and immune tolerance disorders, endothelial cell injury, thrombus formation, glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, and hypoxia further exacerbate this renal injury.

KIDNEY DISEASES (2021)

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Article Biology

A meta-analysis of comorbidities in COVID-19: Which diseases increase the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Manoj Kumar Singh et al.

Summary: Comorbidities in COVID-19 patients often lead to more severe outcomes. Disease-specific molecular events that may induce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection are being investigated. Gene expression patterns in leukemia, NAFLD, T2D, psoriasis, and PAH patients show similarities to those in the lungs of COVID-19 patients, suggesting a possible need for additional preventive care against acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infections.

COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection in human pulmonary cells

Jian Chen et al.

Summary: The study identified MYH9 as an important host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection of human pulmonary cells, mediating viral entry through endocytosis and bypassing the TMPRSS2 and CatB/L pathways. Loss of MYH9 reduces authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection in ACE2-expressing cells, suggesting it as a potential target for clinical intervention strategies in the future.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 D614G spike mutation increases entry efficiency with enhanced ACE2-binding affinity

Seiya Ozono et al.

Summary: The naturally occurring mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can affect cell entry, with the D614G mutation resulting in increased cell entry and maintaining susceptibility to neutralization by antisera against prototypic viruses. Further global surveillance is needed to understand the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among humans.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Comparison of Two Schizophyllum commune Strains in Production of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants from Submerged Cultivation

Jovana Miskovic et al.

Summary: In this study, different strains of Schizophyllum commune from Serbia and Italy were examined for their AChE inhibitory, antioxidative, and antibacterial activities. The polysaccharide (PSH) extracts showed the highest AChE inhibitory and antioxidative activities, making them promising candidates for Alzheimer's disease prevention. LC-MS/MS analysis identified p-hydroxybenzoic and gallic acids as the most abundant phenolic compounds in the extracts.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Natural Products in Mitigation of SARS CoV Infections

Venu Sharma et al.

Summary: The review highlights the importance of plant-based therapies in managing SARS and CoV infections, with natural products playing a crucial role in intervening in the virus replication process. These natural products have shown the ability to strengthen the immune system and alleviate inflammation. Currently, many plant-based treatment options are undergoing clinical trials to combat CoV infections.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Inflammasome activation at the crux of severe COVID-19

Setu M. Vora et al.

Summary: This article provides an update on the role of inflammasomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, discussing their activation and contribution to the overactive inflammatory response in severe cases. Efforts are being made to target inflammasomes therapeutically. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by dysregulated cytokine release, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with ongoing clinical efforts to suppress inflammation for prevention and treatment.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Structure-based phylogeny identifies avoralstat as a TMPRSS2 inhibitor that prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice

Young Joo Sun et al.

Summary: This study identified structurally similar serine proteases to TMPRSS2 using a structure-based computational tool and demonstrated several candidate compounds that effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Avoralstat, a clinically tested inhibitor, showed potential in decreasing viral load and mitigating infection-induced damage, suggesting its repositioning for COVID-19 prophylaxis.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19: An Update

Ashwin Kumar Shukla et al.

Summary: COVID-19 has affected more than 26 million individuals worldwide, with patients with diabetes mellitus or other major complications at high risk. ACE2 receptor plays a key role in the virus entry, leading to more severe disease outcomes. Treatment strategies for COVID-19 target either the virus-ACE2 interaction or the human immune system.

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE & CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2

Renhong Yan et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Allergy

Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19

Ahmet Kursat Azkur et al.

ALLERGY (2020)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Mushroom extracts and compounds with suppressive action on breast cancer: evidence from studies using cultured cancer cells, tumor-bearing animals, and clinical trials

Jack Ho Wong et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues

Carly G. K. Ziegler et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Review Virology

COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis

Long-quan Li et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Review Oncology

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2),SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Arno R. Bourgonje et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics

Kuldeep Dhama et al.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Virtual Screening of Natural Products against Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease (TMPRSS2), the Priming Agent of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Noor Rahman et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Paul Gabarre et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2020)

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Meeting Abstract Oncology

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces EMT-like molecular changes, including ZEB1-mediated repression of the viral receptor ACE2, in lung cancer models

C. A. Stewart et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The protein expression profile of ACE2 in human tissues

Feria Hikmet et al.

MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

ACE2 and COVID-19 and the resulting ARDS

Xiaoqing Zhang et al.

POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Review Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons

Rhea Veda Nugraha et al.

EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

GB-2 inhibits ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression: In vivo and in vitro studies

Ching-Yuan Wu et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Possible Role of Adenosine in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities

Jonathan D. Geiger et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biology

ACE2: Evidence of role as entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and implications in comorbidities

Natalia Zamorano Cuervo et al.

ELIFE (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

ACE2, TMPRSS2 distribution and extrapulmonary organ injury in patients with COVID-19

Mengzhen Dong et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and research gaps: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the ACE2 receptor and implications for therapy

Prasun K. Datta et al.

THERANOSTICS (2020)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modelling Human Liver Diseases and Cell Therapy

Noushin Dianat et al.

CURRENT GENE THERAPY (2013)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antitumor activity of mushroom polysaccharides: a review

Lu Ren et al.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2012)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Regulators of endothelial and epithelial barrier integrity and function in acute lung injury

Rudolf Lucas et al.

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2009)

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Article Oncology

Inhibition of cytokine production and cytotoxic activity of human antimelanoma specific CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes by adenosine-protein kinase a type I signaling

Tatiana Raskovalova et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2007)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Co-production of schizophyllan and arabinoxylan from corn fiber

TD Leathers et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2006)

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Schizophyllum commune Reduces Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2

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