4.7 Article

A Comprehensive Analysis of Cytokine Network in Centenarians

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MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032719

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centenarians; cytokines; PCA; aging; immunosenescence

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In this study, we analyzed the levels of 62 cytokines and growth factors in healthy centenarians and middle-aged controls. We found an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in centenarians, as well as other cytokines involved in inflammation. Anti-inflammatory cytokines did not show an increase, except for the Th2-shifting cytokine IL-19. Several growth factors involved in regulating immunity were also upregulated in centenarians. Principal component analysis showed that pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines contributed the most to the observed data variability.
Cytokines have been investigated extensively in elderly people, with conflicting results. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the plasma levels of 62 cytokines and growth factors involved in the regulation of the immune system, in healthy centenarians, and middle-aged controls. We confirmed the previously observed increase in the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, and found that several other cytokines, directly or indirectly involved in inflammation (such as IFN-alpha, IL-23, CCL-5), were present at higher levels in centenarians. We did not observe any increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, with the notable exception of the Th2-shifting cytokine IL-19. No relevant difference was observed in cytokines regulating T cell immunity. Several growth factors having a role in regulating immunity, such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, EGF, and VEGF, were upregulated in centenarians, too. Principal component analysis of the cytokine dataset showed that pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were the variables that contributed the most to the variability of the data we observed.

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