Synthesis of the ICESat/ICESat-2 and CryoSat-2 observations to reconstruct time series of lake level

Synthesis of multi-satellite altimetry facilitates the acquisition of long-term changes in lake level but may induce biases due to inconsistent data sources, and thus remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the integrated application of Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), ICESat-2, and CryoSat-2 missions to provide consecutive lake level series in 2003-2020. The sample comprises 48 lakes in the world with gauge-based or Hydroweb water level data. The CryoSat-2 data are first adjusted to the ICESat-2 height reference based on the mean values of their monthly water level difference during their overlapping period (2018-2020). Then, the corrected CryoSat-2 data are used to link the ICESat and ICESat-2 data. Results show that in the sample lakes, the deviations between CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 data vary and range from -0.78 m to 0.13 m. The data quality of the synthesized time series is evaluated by comparing against the validation data, with an average R (2) of 0.84. This study shows that CryoSat-2 has the potential of filling the gap between ICESat and ICESat-2. The three altimeters can be expected to integrate effectively for monitoring lake water level changes in the past two decades.

Automated summary

This study investigates the integrated application of ICESat, ICESat-2, and CryoSat-2 missions to provide consecutive lake level series. The deviations between CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 data range from -0.78 m to 0.13 m. The quality of the synthesized time series is evaluated, with an average R (2) of 0.84. CryoSat-2 has the potential of filling the gap between ICESat and ICESat-2, and the three altimeters can effectively integrate for monitoring lake water level changes in the past two decades.