Integer cum fractional ordered active-adaptive synchronization to control vasospasm in chaotic blood vessels to reduce risk of COVID-19 infections

Chaotic states of abnormal vasospasms in blood vessels make heart patients more prone to severe infections of COVID-19, eventually leading to high fatalities. To understand the inherent dynamics of such abrupt vasospasms, an N-type blood vessel model (NBVM) subjected to uncertainties is derived in this paper and investigated both in integer order (IO) as well as fractional-order (FO) dynamics. Active-adaptive controllers are designed to synchronize the chaotic turbulence responsible for undesirable fluctuations in diameter and pressure variations of the blood vessel. The FO-NBVM reveals insightful rich dynamics and faster adaptive synchronization compared to its IO model. The practical implications of this work will be useful in analysing chaotic dysfunctionalities of the blood vessel such as vasoconstriction, ischaemia, necrosis, etc. and help in developing control strategies and modular responses for COVID-19 triggered heart diseases.

Automated summary

Chaotic states of abnormal vasospasms in blood vessels increase the vulnerability of heart patients to severe COVID-19 infections, leading to high mortality rates. This paper introduces a model called the N-type blood vessel model (NBVM) to understand the dynamics of abrupt vasospasms under uncertainties. Active-adaptive controllers are used to synchronize the chaotic turbulence responsible for undesirable fluctuations in blood vessel diameter and pressure. The fractional-order NBVM exhibits rich dynamics and faster adaptive synchronization compared to its integer order model. The practical implications of this study lie in analyzing chaotic dysfunctionalities of blood vessels and developing control strategies for COVID-19-induced heart diseases.